Organizational Culture and Its Importance - 2624 Words

There is no single definition for organizational culture. The topic has been studied from a variety of perspectives ranging from disciplines such as anthropology and sociology, to the applied disciplines of organizational behaviour, management science, and organizational communication. Some of the definitions are listed below: A set of common understandings around which action is organized; finding expression in language whose nuances are peculiar to the group (Becker and Geer 1960). A set of understandings or meanings shared by a group of people that are largely tacit among members and are clearly relevant and distinctive to the particular group which are also passed on to new members (Louis 1980). A system of knowledge, of standards for†¦show more content†¦The explicit social products produced by subcultures within organizations can be widely diverse and even result in countercultures. Countercultures can have both productive and unproductive outcomes. Perhaps the key to a countercultures success (i.e., the promulgation of its ideology, values and norms) is the groups ability to demonstrate how its idiosyncrasies are consonant with the core ideologies, values and norms of the dominant culture. THE SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN THE ORGANIZATIONS OVERALL CULTURE AND ITS SUBCULTURES Some people may debate which comes first in an organization: the organizational culture or the organizations subcultures. The question that is relevant to the definition of Organizational Culture is how do the ideologies, values, and norms of subcultures compliment the organizational culture advocated by leadership? Explaining this relationship requires an understanding that cultures provide members with a reliable means to interpret a highly ambiguous environment. It is the leaders responsibility to specify the features of the environment that are relevant to the organization and then provide the supporting assumptions and rationale for its operating strategies. The leaders cultural messages should address ambiguities that are beyond the scope of any organizational subculture to explain to employees. Leaders should recognize that their cultural messages should specifically address culturalShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Culture And Organizational Culture1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of culture in the organization The organization culture as a leadership concept has been identified as one of the many components that leaders can use to grow a dynamic organization. Leadership in organizations starts the culture formation process by imposing their assumptions and expectations on their followers. Once culture is established and accepted, they become a strong leadership tool to communicate the leader s beliefs and values to organizational members, and especially newRead MoreOrganizational Culture and Its Importance2639 Words   |  11 PagesThere is no single definition for organizational culture. The topic has been studied from a variety of perspectives ranging from disciplines such as anthropology and sociology, to the applied disciplines of organizational behaviour, management science, and organizational communication. Some of the definitions are listed below: A set of common understandings around which action is organized; finding expression in language whose nuances are peculiar to the group (Becker and Geer 1960). A set of understandingsRead MoreCulture And Values And Importance Of Organizational Culture775 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational culture is a set of shared norms and values that describes an organization (Ashworth P., 2015). Organizational culture is the only true and unique identifier (Ashworth P., 2015). It can be compared to finger prints, as it can be similar, but still unique compared to other organizations (Ashworth P., 2015). Products, innovations, strategies etc. can be replicated, but not an organization’s culture (Ashworth P., 2015). For customers, suppliers, employees, and all other stakeholders,Read MoreThe Importance Of Organizational Development And Culture1179 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational development in healthcare was a very interesting course and I have learned so much in a short amount of time. It has enabled me to be a better worker, to analysis and view work situation from a different perspective. The most important information and action resolu tions that I would like to write in this personal application paper are the importance of organizational development and culture, how to recognize and avoid stressors, motivate employees, teamwork, conflict resolution,Read MoreThe Importance of Managing Organizational Culture2202 Words   |  9 Pages This essay will argue that organizational culture can and, should be managed. Increased business competition, amalgamations, globalization, acquisitions, business alliances, and other developments have created the need for management of organizational culture. The context of management of organizational culture is fundamental to much of the successive work on organizational efficiency. Introduction A central issue in management of organizational culture is how to overcome the Principle-AgentRead MoreImportance Of Organizational Culture At Maheen Waqas2294 Words   |  10 Pages†¢ Importance of organizational culture: By: Maheen Waqas So far we have discussed the meaning, characteristics, types, liabilities and sustaining the organizational culture with in the company’s structure. The most crucial part is the importance .i.e. why do we need to develop such cultures and how far it affects the company and industries in reality? We will discuss the importance of organizational culture by jotting down various points. We have come to know that variousRead MoreThe Importance Of Power Within Organizational Culture758 Words   |  4 PagesKnowing the functionality of power within organizational culture, it is then apparent that organizations can effectively improve through the disbursement of power, bringing innovation and creativity. Organizations need to be adaptable to external environmental change in to survive and become learning organizations. However, concentrated power cultures like traditional authoritarian bureaucracies respond too slowly to change. Though the competitive success of many organizations n ow depend on the rateRead MoreBest Buy - the Importance of Organizational Culture and Change1099 Words   |  5 Pages- The Importance of Organizational Culture and Change Organizational cultures that can be a liability to an organization include those that create barriers to change, create barriers to diversity or barriers to mergers and acquisitions. (Robbins, S. P. 2011) Organizational cultures are also good for change and revitalization of a company. This paper will provide background information on Best Buy and the ROWE (Results-Only Work Environment) Program. This paper will describe the culture of BestRead MoreThe Importance Of Organizational Culture And Quality Control Standards1087 Words   |  5 Pagesthe control standards outlined in the auditing textbook (Alvin et al., 2012). The following sections include my professional opinions and recommendations of the quality control procedures at Abernethy and Chapman. Leadership Responsibilities Organizational culture is an important determining factor in the way in which the quality control standards are adhered to. According to the information provided, yourself and the other partners at Abernethy and Chapman, believe in continued emphasis on high qualityRead MoreThe Importance Of Striking A Balance Between Organizational Structure, Design, Culture, And Strategy1070 Words   |  5 Pagesdynamic, adaptable, and efficient. Prosperous companies continually transform and grow to meet the needs of their environment (Jones, 2013). This paper examines the importance of striking a balance between organizational structure, design, culture, and strategy in order to achieve stability in a continually shifting organizational environment. Introduction The brevity of technological changes in communications and product development have produced rapidly changing, turbulent, global markets.

Essay on Dante Alighieri Hell - 1666 Words

Dante Alighieri: A Poetic Descent into Metaphorical Hell nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;Abandon all hope, ye who enter herequot; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Only through a journey into hell can we hope to attain paradise... nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;His Early Life: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dante Alighieri was born under the sign of Gemini, he was thought to be born on May 29, but this is not certain. He was born in Florence, the son of Alighiero II, his family was one of lower nobility. His mother died when he was a child and his father when he was eighteen. According to him, the most profound event in his youth was when in 1274 he met Beatrice, whom scholars believe to be Beatrice Portinari, a noble woman. It†¦show more content†¦Dante, from 1295 to 1297, was part of the Special Council of the People, he also took part in the campaign for the prior, and was a member of the Council of the One Hundred. The political situation in Florence at the time was very turbulent, the two feuding factions within the Guelph party in Florence, the Cerchi and the Donati or the Whites and The Blacks were both vying for power. The Blacks, or Donati, were of noble birth and lineage but were not exceedingly rich, and they saw the pope as an ally against imperial power. The Whites, or Cerchi, were not of noble lineage, but had made a vast fortune trading and wished to become a part of the aristocracy, they wished to remain independent of all control, papal or imperial. After a particularly violent skirmish the leaders of both parties were exiled in order to provide peace, however, Pope Boniface VIII helped the leaders of the Black return. These Blacks seized power and banned Dante from the city for two years and imposed upon him heavy fines, he did not pay the fines, and they said he would be killed should he ever return to Florence. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dantes immediate response was a desire to join with the other exiles and organize, they would retake the city by force. The exiled people were more concerned with their own interests than retakingShow MoreRelatedThe Inferno : Warning Or Threat?1385 Words   |  6 PagesComedy, by Dante Alighieri. The Inferno incompasses the story of Dante’s journey through Hell to reach the path of righteousness going toward Heaven’s Gate. Across the immeasurable and extensive journey of Dante and Virgil, both together observe the punishments brought upon oneself, as a result of the sins committed by the hopeless residents of Hell. Within the novel, the severity of punishment and the discipline itself whilst in Hell, is a direct correlation to the sins that the souls of Hell are boundRead MoreThe Divine Comedy1705 Words   |  7 Pagesthat came with the Renaissance in Italy, brought about a literary revival. One of the writers that influenced this revival is Dante Alighieri, a 13th century poet from Florence, Italy. His world famous epic, La Commedia, or more commonly known as The Divine Comedy remains a poetic masterpiece depicting truth and sin. The Divine Comedy, through the journey into the three hells, expresses a universal truth of good versus evil. Alighieri’s life of heartbreak with the influences of other famous poetsRead MoreEssay on Outside Influences on Dante’s Inferno 832 Words   |  4 Pageshas read Dante’s Inferno is familiar with a certain main character, Virgil. Who is this Virgil that Dante put in his book and where did Dante get the idea of having Virgil as his guide on Dante’s journey through the spirit world? In addition to Virgil, readers of Inferno are also familiar with concepts and characters such as God, angles, demons, Satan, and Hell. Where did Dante get these concepts? Dante did not come up with these ideas on his own, but used familiar characters and places from outsideRead MoreBook Review : Inferno 1595 Words   |  7 Pagesabove. Born in Florence dating back to 1265, Dante Alighieri, not only the author, but also the protagonist, undergoes an epic adventure through the treacherous pits of Hell. Due to its outdated language from 13th and 14th century, many translators interpret the classic story all over the world. Mary Jo Bang, the author of six books of poetry, claims a spot one of them. Craig Morgan Theicher states, [Bang s] Inferno is a classic recast for our age, a Hell we ll find ourselves in, an old poem madeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Comedia 947 Words   |  4 PagesIn his life Dante, Alighieri was a famed author, poet, and statesman. Over the course of his life the esteemed thirteenth century Italian wrote a handful of successful works. However, Dante is undoubtedly best known for his critically acclaimed epic poem, Comedà ¬a, which would later be called The Divine Comedy. Comedà ¬a has 3 parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The first installment, Inferno, may currently be the most well known of the three poems, spawning countless reprints, several moviesRead MoreThe Inferno By Dante Alighieri1367 Words   |  6 PagesDante Alighieri must have been an extremely strict and lecture-loving parent. In the first part of his collection, The Inferno, Alighieri filled his story with subliminal messages within the text to teach a greater lesson to the reader. Dante Alighieri purposefully chooses specific moments to express humankind’s weakness and how human reason can positively influence people to react in the correct manner in the eyes of God. Through the interaction of two of his main characters, Dante, who representsRead MoreThe Inferno Of Dante Alighieri1647 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Inferno of Dante Alighieri† translated by Ciaran Carson, originally written by Dante himself is a classical piece of literature. It is the first part of Dante’s three part epic poem entitled, â€Å"Th e Divine Comedy†. â€Å"The Inferno of Dante Alighieri† transports the reader into a gradual ride, going from an familiar and earthly land, to descending the depths of Hell in the search of salvation. The imagery conjured up while reading this book is plentiful as Dante’s writing is impeccable. NaturallyRead MoreThe Power Of Everyman s Journey Through Hell1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power of Everyman’s Journey Through Hell In religious contexts, sin is the act of violating God s will. Sin can also be viewed as â€Å"anything that violates the ideal relationship between an individual and God, leading to a period of estrangement between the two†. This is not necessarily a permanent separation, but if one dies without correcting such problem, then the separation does become permanent. In order to atone for one’s transgressions, salvation –deliverance by redemption from the powerRead MoreDante’s Vision of Divine Justice Justice is one of the major building block that society is built900 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor building block that society is built upon. It gives people a sense of retribution when they have been wronged. In Dante’s Inferno, justice is served in the supernatural realm. Throughout this play, the reader is exposed to the inner working of hell and the nine circles of specialized punishment it is composed of. Justice, in Dante’s Inferno, differs from justice in the mortal world in that it is decided, not by humans, but by God. However, it is not God’s justice that is portrayed in this divineRead MoreImagery in Dantes Inferno Essay689 Words   |  3 PagesRobert Herrick, an English poet, once said, â€Å"Hell is no other but a soundlesse pit, where no one beame of comfort peeps in it.† Picture any type of Hell with relief, happiness, or even the smallest crack of a smile. There is no place. In fact, one can only think of the complete opposite, whether it is a Hell filled with neglect, pain, disgust, or a never-ending life of horror. This is the place created by Dante Alighieri; The Inferno is exactly the type of Hell where no person would want to be. Even those

For Points Free Essays

Well, we could provide more Saint Schools and those who feel like completing their first to 10th grade education through such schools are welcome to Join. We already have such schools in India and we can build some more. Military Training instill a sense of pride, nationalism, and patriotism I think the Army Cadet Force should be more advertised for the benefit of adults and kids. We will write a custom essay sample on For Points or any similar topic only for you Order Now It teaches discipline and respect for yourself as well as for others. As an adult you can obtain training and play a part in courses while you can help to teach your cadets. Our kids are brilliant and love what they do, when you watch them grow and learn it is so rewarding. I believe it would be a beneficial way of solving a lot of societies issues, it provides young adults the experience and discipline that they tend to be lacking in this day and age. It would provide people the opportunity to learn trades and/or get money to help pay for collage which Is quickly outpacing many families ability to pay. I believe it is probably even more Important for the social elite which would seek to find some exemption mostly so they can see how the world works without all the effluence that surrounds them. One more reasons to make this compulsory Is very few of normal citizens know what the soldiers sitting at the border or In a war actually do? They are not known to the hardships they have to face, and If this training Is made compulsory, then obviously including the cadets, their families would get to know about It.. We are taught so many things about the army, the techniques used In a war, also a part of the military training.. Now this Is not a much longer program, so many of you may think that what knowledge could we get In days.. But If you see It somewhat practically, then 5 says Is not that less even, because military training Is not about getting completely Into It for which we need a lot of time, but Its about our knowledge of the army, of their ways, tactics and precautions one has to make. SO for that 5 days are not that less even. It’s not that youth don’t need training – they do. And some of the squalliest that military training gives – telephone, working for and In a group, fitness, energy are all useful to make them more capable so they can lead more meaningful productive lives and contribute to the overall success productivity of their implies land. We need more trained teachers, doctors, social activists, engineers, entrepreneurs†¦ He list Is endless. We need more roads, more schools, more food, more electricity, more water, more houses†¦ This list Is endless too. Trained educated youth would contribute to the removal of poverty and distress – first for them selves – and then for their society. When unattended these cause violent uprisings which are then suppressed by the military. For Points Essay By arunthakur007 help pay for collage which is quickly outpacing many families ability to pay. I believe it is probably even more important for the social elite which would seek to One more reasons to make this compulsory is very few of normal citizens know what the soldiers sitting at the border or in a war actually do? They are not known to the hardships they have to face, and if this training is made compulsory, then obviously including the cadets, their families would get to know about it.. We are taught so many things about the army, the techniques used in a war, also a part of the military training.. Now this is not a much longer program, so many of you may think that hat knowledge could we get in days.. But if you see it somewhat practically, then 5 days is not that less even, because military training is not about getting completely into it for which we need a lot of time, but its about our knowledge of the army, of It’s not that youth don’t need training – they do. And some of the qualities that military training gives – discipline, working for and in a group, fitness, energy are all engineers, entrepreneurs†¦ The list is endless. We need more roads, more schools, more food, more electricity, more water, more houses†¦ This list is endless too. How to cite For Points, Papers

Dramaturgical Perspective free essay sample

Central to dramaturgy are the front and back regions. The front region is in essence the stage where the performance occurs. Examples of the front region are the teacher’s classroom, the public speaker’s podium, and the waiter’s restaurant dining room. It’s what the audience sees and the setting for a carefully choreographed and ordered performance. The back region is where all the activity that audience does not see, that is crucial to the front region performance occurs (Monnier, 2010). Symbolic interactions are more related to how people look at things and how their perception affects their behavior. In America it is considered rude to blatantly stare at another individual, in certain parts of Africa, for example, that is not the case. Curiosity is a norm and it is not considered rude to stare (Henslin, 2011). Americans also have a much larger personal space bubble than many other cultures. An American doesn’t stand close enough to a stranger to accidentally brush up against them if they can at all help it. We will write a custom essay sample on Dramaturgical Perspective or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Someone from South America, who is accustomed to standing in close proximity to an individual he/she is conversing with may take offense if the individual they’re speaking to continues to move away. On the other hand, an American will likely feel quite uncomfortable participating in conversation with an individual standing closer than approximately two feet (Henslin). Therefore, symbolic interactions happen without much thought, which is different from dramaturgy, which is a well thought out and prepared way of conducting oneself. Ethnomethodology is the study of how people use their perceived commonsense to make sense out of life (Henslin, 2011). It’s the background assumptions individuals take for granted about the world that determine our behavior in our social life. They are culture driven, unstated rules that people tend to stand by and violate only with risk of offending or concerning others. For instance, a young man would probably not take a first date to a strip club. There’s no written rule covering that issue, but commonsense would tell him that would not be an acceptable behavior. Although ethnomethodology does involve some thought, it still differs from dramaturgy as it is largely influenced by societal norms rather than just what image they’re desiring to portray to others. A recent interaction I had that involved dramaturgical concepts was an appointment with administration at my son, Vinnie’s school regarding his classroom placement for next year. Vinnie tests on the lower end of the reading spectrum and all of his teachers, past and present have commented that he has trouble staying focused and is easily distracted, but never causes any trouble; therefore, he tends to fall through the cracks. Having trouble with his current teacher holding him accountable for work completion has been an issue; therefore, I’m quite concerned about Vinnie’s placement next year. I carefully utilized the back region and prepared a spread sheet of my concerns along with specific examples, and readied myself to express them in a confident, respectful, but determined manner. I’d thought about questions and/or statements that would potentially be posed to me, and prepared as best I could on how to respond appropriately without wavering from the outcome I desired, which was a specific teacher. Along with myself, the Academic Director, Curriculum Specialist, and the Intervention Specialist were present at the ‘front region‘ meeting. Everyone was prepared with appropriate data. I stated my concerns, which were both acknowledged and validated, everyone was extremely courteous and showed appropriate concern for Vinnie and the issues I disclosed. Each person in attendance discussed issues pertaining to their own expertise regarding Vinnie and a consensus was reached. Everyone left the meeting feeling something positive had been accomplished, and each individual’s social performance seemed to accomplish exactly what they’d desired. A deeper sociological significance that resulted is that administration now knows that I am a concerned and very involved parent, but not overtly demanding without reason and/or the willingness to discuss and negotiate. I learned that administration is truly concerned about individual students and will accommodate to the best of their ability in order to ensure the success of each. References Crossman, A. (2012). About. com: Sociology: Dramaturgical perspective. Retrieved from http://sociology. about. com/od/D_Index/g/Dramaturgical-Perspective. htm Henslin, J. M. (2011). Essentials of sociology: A down to earth approach (9th ed. ). Pearson. Monnier, C. (2010). Global Sociology: Social interaction. Retrieved from https:// globalsociology. pbworks. com/w/page/14711252/Social%20Interaction

Pearl Extension Of Scarlet Letter Essays - English-language Films

Pearl Extension Of Scarlet Letter No other Pearl can be worth more to a story than this Pearl, but no pearl had ever been earned at as high a cost to a person as in Hester Prynne, the powerful Main Character in Nathaniel Hawthornes novel The Scarlet Letter. Her daughter Pearl, born into a Puritan prison in more ways than one, is an enigmatic character serving entirely as a vehicle for symbolism. From her introduction as an infant on her mothers scaffold of shame to the stormy peak of the story, Pearl is an empathetic and intelligent child. Throughout the story she absorbs the hidden emotions of her mother and magnifies them for all to see. Pearl is the essence of literary symbolism. She is at times a vehicle for Hawthorne to express the inconsistent and translucent qualities of Hesters unlawful bond at times, and at others a forceful reminder of her mothers sin. Which is why she is a perfect extension of the scarlet letter and its punishment. Pearl Prynne is her mothers most precious possession and her only reason to live, but also serves as a priceless treasure purchased with her life. Pearls strange beauty and deeply enigmatic qualities make her the most powerful symbol Hawthorne has ever created. The product of Hesters sin and agony, Pearl, was a painfully constant reminder of her mothers violation of the Seventh Commandment: Thou shalt not commit adultery. Hester herself felt that Pearl was given to her not only as a blessing but a punishment worse than death or ignominy. She is tormented by her daughters childish teasing and endless questioning about the scarlet letter and its meaning to hernister . After Pearl has created a letter A on her own breast out of seaweed, she asks her mother: But in good earnest, now, mother dear, what does this scarlet letter mean? -- and why dost thou wear it on thy bosom? In saying this Pearl implies that she knows much, much more about the scarlet letter than she lets on. Throughout the conversation Pearl is impish and teasing, saying one thing and contradicting it soon after. She refuses to say just what she means, which makes it hard for Hester to give a straight answer. Hester is shocked that her playful daughter has lead their conversation to the topic of the scarlet letter. Pearl, in bringing this forbidden and painful subject about, unwittingly inflicts agony upon her unhappy mother. Hester cannot tell her daughter what has passed between the minister and herself and come clean. Pearl symbolizes a hidden part of her mother that has not, and will never be exposed and therefore washed free of sin. Pearl was always drawn to the A, and seemed to twist the symbolic knife in Hesters bosom every time she thought she was free of her burden of sin by rudely reminding her of the letter and the meaning it bore. Pearls questioning wrenched Hesters heart when the child seemed to somehow know about the Scarlet Letters meaning. Pearls precocity worried Hester constantly. Hester Prynne herself realized that Pearl was unlike other children, and prayed that she was not sin incarnate. Pearl was the scarlet letter endowed with life. Pearl represented the part of Hester to be always dulled by the searing judgment of others in that she was Hesters ceaseless reminder of the sin she had committed, but also symbolized everything about Hester that was free and alive. Pearl is the only happiness in Hester Prynnes lonely life. Without a child to care for, teach, and love, Hester would have long ago given her soul and life over to evil. When town authorities, shocked at Pearls apparent belief that she was plucked from a rose bush and not created by God, recommend she be taken from Hester and placed in a school, Hester responds with the following: God gave me this child!... She is my happiness, she is my torture none the less! Pearl keeps me here in life!...Ye shall not take her! I will die first! Which is the first time the reader sees how important Pearl is to Hesters unhappy life. It is her motivation to keep going. Pearl, though Hester understands that she was God-given as a constant reminder or her sin, is her only requited love and a friend that does not judge her by things past. Later, Hester comments that she would have signed my name in the Black Mans book too, and

Free Essays on KFC

1. KFC’s STRATEGIC POSITION Colonel Harland Saunders founded Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) in 1939. In 1952 KFC started with franchisees and entered the global market in 1964. KFC was sold to Heublein Inc. in 1971 and was highly involved in the day to day operations. RJ Reynolds Industries, then acquired Heublein in 1982 and took a more laid back approach than its predecessor. Finally, in 1986, KFC was acquired by PepsiCo, which was trying to grow its quick serve restaurant segment. PepsiCo presently runs Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC. Today, KFC is the world’s largest chicken restaurant chain and third largest fast-food chain. KFC had a 55 percent share of the chicken segment of the U.S. fast-food (based on sales resources) and operated more than 10 800 restaurants in 85 countries. KFC’s international strategy was to grow its company and franchise restaurant base throughout the world. With growing competitive rivalry among the leading fast-food chains, KFC, under the management of Tricon Global Restaurants, face greater challenges to compete with other big players to launch into new markets, especially in Latin America. These changes lead to the strategic growth of KFC’s globalization and facing the environmental risk as well as opportunities associated with the international expansion, particularly looking at Mexico and Latin America. KFC’s return on investment has been excellent to date. Internationally their sales growth and market share has been very strong with a nett growth of over 600 units for 2003 under the Yum! Group. The majority of this growth has come from Greater China with over 280 company owned stores operated in 2003 and 300 projected to be opened in 2004. The United Kingdom comes in second with almost 100 company owned stores opened in 2003 and 100 additional stores planned for 2004. A number of analytical tools were used to analyze KFC’s current strategic position, for example SWOT... Free Essays on KFC Free Essays on KFC 1. KFC’s STRATEGIC POSITION Colonel Harland Saunders founded Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) in 1939. In 1952 KFC started with franchisees and entered the global market in 1964. KFC was sold to Heublein Inc. in 1971 and was highly involved in the day to day operations. RJ Reynolds Industries, then acquired Heublein in 1982 and took a more laid back approach than its predecessor. Finally, in 1986, KFC was acquired by PepsiCo, which was trying to grow its quick serve restaurant segment. PepsiCo presently runs Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC. Today, KFC is the world’s largest chicken restaurant chain and third largest fast-food chain. KFC had a 55 percent share of the chicken segment of the U.S. fast-food (based on sales resources) and operated more than 10 800 restaurants in 85 countries. KFC’s international strategy was to grow its company and franchise restaurant base throughout the world. With growing competitive rivalry among the leading fast-food chains, KFC, under the management of Tricon Global Restaurants, face greater challenges to compete with other big players to launch into new markets, especially in Latin America. These changes lead to the strategic growth of KFC’s globalization and facing the environmental risk as well as opportunities associated with the international expansion, particularly looking at Mexico and Latin America. KFC’s return on investment has been excellent to date. Internationally their sales growth and market share has been very strong with a nett growth of over 600 units for 2003 under the Yum! Group. The majority of this growth has come from Greater China with over 280 company owned stores operated in 2003 and 300 projected to be opened in 2004. The United Kingdom comes in second with almost 100 company owned stores opened in 2003 and 100 additional stores planned for 2004. A number of analytical tools were used to analyze KFC’s current strategic position, for example SWOT...

The Unconscious Patient Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Unconscious Patient - Essay Example In the case study, Spencer had a GCS of 7/15 and did not respond to verbal commands. However, he responded centrally to painful stimuli. This score is usually associated with a state of coma. Research shows that patients with GCS scores between the range of 3 and 8 are often comatose, or are unconscious such that they cannot interact with their immediate environments. From these information, it is clear that the verbal response on the patient failed and thus some stimuli was needed to obtain a response from him. He was therefore not aware of the surroundings. The Trapezium squeeze was used to twist Spencer’s muscle so that Julia could assess his response to painful stimuli (Sternbach, 2000). I would recommend that Julia also try to observe the patient’s motor response by giving some commands such as â€Å"lift your legs from the bed†,   so that his weaknesses can be noted. In addition, inconsistent and inaccurate recordings could have a harmful effect on the pa tient’s comfort and may affect his care plan. I recommend that Julia or any other nurse handling the patient be educated on how to use the tool correctly so that potential irregularities could be addressed. QN.3. deteriorating changes that may occur as a result of the collapse and how the patient will respond to those changes in his GCS status The patient in this context may experience deterioration in his consciousness provided that there is an underlying problem with his brain due to head injury. When the patient loses consciousness, the tongue often fall back in his pharynx and blocks the airway. He loses the cough reflex, and regurgitated stomach contents or blood are aspirated into his lungs. The patient should therefore have his airway supported by slanting the head and lifting... Factors that can lead to secondary brain injuries include hypercapnia, intracranial hypertension, hypotension, and hypoxia. To prevent these factors, interventions need to begin in the pre-hospital care phase and go on into the critical care unit. Recognizing these factors in the early stages as well as timely intervention can enhance the neurologic effect of the patient with brutal head injuries. One of the oral medications prescribed to treat patients with Diabetes 2 is Glyburide. conventionally used as antiglycemic medication, this drug is meant to block entrà ©e to the sulphonylurea receptors, thus effectively drain edema, intracranial pressure, and swelling brought about by secondary brain injury; consequences that can come about in the days after the initial injury. However, research in animals indicate that glyburide is effective in preventing the adverse effects of secondary brain injury, though it works more effectively if the patient takes it prior to the second injury.

The Future of Japanese Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Future of Japanese Economy - Essay Example of economic crisis like financial panic of 1927 and the oil shock, include the invasion of Manchuria in 1931, the attack on Capitalism during 1930s, war with China from 1937 to 1941, Pacific war in 1946, the Dodge line of 1949, recession of 1965 are the common examples of depression that Japan encountered other than World War II2. Though, very soon they recovered it with 10% average of economic growth in 1960s, 5% during 1970s and closer to 4% in 1980s, but after that, growth slowed down remarkably3. Strong working mentality, good government-industry relationship and implementation of advanced technology were the most favorable reasons responsible for making Japan stand on to the platform of one of the largest economy in the world from post WWII till 80s. Resultant of overinvestment in late 80s and crisis in world oil supply brought another challenge to their economy4. It became necessary for Japan to switch from mobilized productionism to more substantial welfare economy. However, t he oscillation between successful drive of the export in late 80s and bang in economy after 80s hazed that requirement and mobilized economic system disappeared very soon5. After the fading away of stock inflation and land prices, an excess of production capacity remained. This factor lowered the profitability of the production and on the other hand, bad loan weakened the financial activity. Government’s effort in recovering that downfall was not up to that level and it’s clear from the statistics of economy for the duration of 2000-20016. Hence, it is inferred that Japan is in a state of distorted industrial policy and in urgent need of a revolution. The main aim of this paper is to address the main obstacles that Japan is facing and then to state the possible solutions to overcome them. Japan is facing resistances now-a-days that it had never encountered before. Growth rate which used to be in two digit figure just after war, now expectation growth is below 1% which is too

The Effects of Civil War may have on Tourism and the Economy in Uganda Essay

The Effects of Civil War may have on Tourism and the Economy in Uganda - Essay Example However, this is not the case in third-world countries that go through great social and political upheavals during periods of domestic crises that are often caused due to ethnic tensions within the country. The violence that is a part of such disturbances within the country are not restricted to the period during which the crises happens as relapses are often found to happen, incidents that tarnish the reputation of the nation amongst the members of the international community. Investment of money in the industries of the country, thus, suffers and it undergoes a period where its economy has to struggle to make ends meet. This has been the case with Uganda, a country that has some of the most exciting wildlife parks and tourist destinations in the whole of the African continent. Despite this wealth of natural beauty and the enormous range of opportunities for adventurous tourism, Uganda has not been a favored tourist destination for a very long time and one of the primary reasons for this has been the civil wars that have rocked this country. Tourism as an industry relies heavily on the presence of infrastructure that serves to provide maximum comfort to the visitors. The safety of the tourists who visit is also of paramount importance to the sustenance of any tourism industry. This paper shall seek to explore the reasons as to why Uganda as a nation has not been able to channelize the potential that it has and the role that the domestic crises over a period of time has played in the decline f the tourism industry in Uganda. One may think that long years of violence since the times of Idi Amin may have caused the people of Uganda to sink into a state of apathy and not participate in any political process that might happen in the country. This, however, is not true. Christopher Blattman, in his essay, From Violence to Voting: War and Political Participation in Uganda, talks of how an increase in violence has actually led to a rise in the percentages of voting in Uganda during elections. Areas where abductions of men had taken place witnessed a high percentage of voting. Blattman’s interactions with members of the community proved that violence in these areas, especially instances of political violence, led to an increased political awareness among the people of these areas. This was partially due to an urge in the members of the community to see change in the manner in which governance was carried out. The basic element that is needed in any society for positive change and for the success of democracy is the will of the people. In Uganda, this seems to be in place. Blattman exudes an optimistic confidence in his essay regarding the will of the people to change the political situation of their nation, something that would enable the establishment of a cordial atmosphere for the revival of the tourism industry (Blattman). The extreme anxiety of the people is also revealed through this hope for a government that is democratically elect ed; an anxiety that reveals the slump that industries undergo during a period of civil war. It is probably the fear of such a loss to their means of livelihood (tourism generated revenues constitute a major chunk of the revenue that the Ugandan economy generates) that impels them to seek refuge in the process of democracy. However, the government of Uganda does not seem as keen as the

Mixed Solvent in CO2 Capture Technology

Mixed Solvent in CO2 Capture Technology Research Proposal Development of mixed solvent in CO2 capture technology with chemical absorption Xingye Fan Objectives: This project mainly aims at developing mixed solvent in chemical absorption to achieve goals of increasing mass transfer rate, CO2 loading capacity, and reduce processing cost. 1.1 Short term objectives: During the first five years, this project tends to test different mixed solvents to compare their property and performance in laboratory-scale. Mixed solvents with different components will be tested by a designed experiment in the laboratory. Advanced engineering process simulation will be performed by using Aspen plus software. By analyzing experiment and simulation data, the most suitable solvent for chemical absorption can be achieved. 1.2 Long term objectives: If the solvent with promising property is obtained and the project continues beyond five years, performance of novel absorbent for CO2 capture can be tested in pilot-scale. If the application of the novel solvent in pilot-scale is proved to be feasible, this absorbent can be tried to be commercialized. 2 Literature review: Chemical absorption processes are widely used to separate CO2 in coal fired power plants and chemical industries. Chemical absorption process is built on the reaction between the CO2 and chemical solvent. A typical chemical absorption process involves an absorber and a stripper. In this process, the flue gas which contains CO2 enters an absorber from the bottom and contacts with a CO2-lean absorbent counter-currently, after absorption, the CO2-rich absorbent flows to a thermally regenerator. In this method absorber and regenerator are working continuously. After regeneration, the CO2-lean stream is sent back to recycle for further use. The pure CO2 released from the regenerator is compressed and forwarded to storage or transportation. Due to the maturity of chemical absorption technology, it has been commercialized for a long time. Chemical absorption CO2 capture technologies are best utilized in post combustion because of its applicability for low CO2 concentration in the inlet gas stream. Chemical absorption is also considered as an efficient technique due to its low energy cost. By using individual type of solvent the absorption process has several drawbacks such as, the degradation of solvent, solvent regeneration efficiency, corrosion etc. which impact the efficiency of CO2 separation. To address the above problems, so much research has been conducted to improve solvent, modify gas-liquid contact device and prevent solvent degradation. Currently, to reduce the regeneration energy and further curtail the cost of absorption process, the operation of stripper is improved. Evidence shows that the operation of higher stripper pressure and alkanolamines concentration can be adopted to reduce energy consumption in regeneration. Volume of conventional absorption apparatus such as a packed bed, spray column, and a bubble column, is generally quite large. Therefore, small sizes of absorber and stripper with a lower equipment cost are expected. A rotating packed bed (RPB) was proposed which can also increase mass transfer rate between gas and absorbent. CO2 capture technology with chemical absorption strongly depends on the performance of a liquid solvent. Thus, selecting a suitable solvent is the most effective method to improve the efficiency of this technique. So far, many researchers have focused on developing novel mixed solvents. Cullinane and Rochelle (2004) raised CO2 reaction rate by using potassium carbonate and amines with piperazine as a promoter. Rodrigo and Chakib (2010) improved the reaction rate by adding small amount of monoethanolamine or methyldiethanolamine into ammonia. Jeong Ho Choi and Seong Geun Oh (2012) increased CO2 reaction rate and CO2 loading capacity by mixed liquid solvent with 2-methylpiperidine as a promoter. Although so much research regarding to mixed solvent has been carried out, development of mixed solvents is still an essential research direction to improve absorption technology. 3 Method and proposed approach: In order to measure the mass transfer rate of CO2 by using different solvents, we need to utilize a wetted wall column. Vapor-liquid equilibrium method is also used to evaluate the CO2 loading capacity. In addition, a simulation of the CO2 capture system can be developed by Aspen Plus software. Work plan 1: measure mass transfer rate of CO2 with different mixed solvents (years 1-3) In order to find a suitable combination of solvents, different kinds of absorbent mixture should be involved in the experiments. As the mass transfer rate of CO2 is a core parameter to determine property of absorbents, graduate students will carry out a wetted wall column experiment to measure CO2 mass transfer rate by using different mixed solvents. Solvents selection is of great significance. Various solvents are suitable for CO2 absorption such as monoethanolamine, diethylaniline, and methyldiethanolamine, K2CO3, Na2CO3, NaOH, NH3, Adenosine monophosphate. Alkanolamines are common absorbents for CO2 capture, and amines with different structure have various properties. Traditionally, alkanolamines can be classified into; primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. Among these three categories, the primary amines, for example monoethanolamine are considered the best solvent for flue gas cleaning because of the low partial pressure of CO2 in the flue gas. Monoethanolamine is a suitable solvent at low partial pressures of CO2 in the gas stream since it reacts quickly, and the cost of the raw materials is lower than secondary and tertiary amines. However, the operating cost of chemical absorption processes with monoethanolamine is high due to high energy cost in regenerating and operational problems such as corrosion, solvent loss, and solvent degradation. In addition, loading capacity of monoethanolamine can only be up to about 0.5mol of CO2/mol of monoethanolamine because of the formation of stable carbamates. Loading capacity of Tertiary alkanolamines such as methyldiethanolamine can reach 1mol of CO2/mol alkanolamine, and the energy consumption for regeneration is lower. However, the rates of CO2 absorption are low which make them not feasible for CO2 capture. A wide variety of alkanolamines that have proven to be commercially suitable for acid gas removal by chemical absorption are monoethanolamine, diethylaniline, methyldiethanolamine, and diglycolamine. The r eaction of CO2 with primary and secondary alkanolamines to produce carbamates increases the CO2 interfacial mass transfer rate dramatically compared to the mass transfer rate without the chemical reactions and under the same driving force. However, because carbamate formation leads to the requirement of large amount of heat, the regeneration energy is significantly high. On the other hand, the slower reaction of tertiary amines with CO2 produces only bicarbonate and carbonate with a lower heat of reaction. Nevertheless, reaction with tertiary amines cannot raise the interfacial mass transfer rate to an ideal extent. Diglycolamine is also a primary amine that can be used at 50–70 wt% amines, leading to greatly lower circulation rates and energy requirements. The reactivity of diglycolamine is similar with monoethanolamine, but diglycolamine has a much lower vapor pressure. Thus, diglycolamine can be used in a more concentrated solution with less solvent flow rate. Therefore, a ccording to the property of individual solvents, graduate students are required to select a diverse combination of solvents with different concentration and to measure their CO2 mass transfer rate with a wetted wall column. The construction of wetted wall column apparatus is described as the follows. The gas–liquid contactor in the center is constructed by a stainless-steel tube. The column is enclosed by a thick cylindrical wall glass and the whole chamber is surrounded by a second glass wall. Water flowing between the two glass walls can be used as a heat transfer medium. The absorbent is pumped into the column and flows down from the top and forms a thin liquid film along the outside surface of the column. Feed gas enters near the base of the chamber, counter-currently contacts with liquid and then exits from the top. During the experiment, the temperature in the chamber needs to be controlled to constant, and inside the reactor pressure is also maintained constant. The ga s concentrations are measured with the non-dispersion infrared sensor continuously. Measurement of CO2 content in the inlet and outlet gas stream provides CO2 partial pressure and CO2 flux between gas and liquid. Other physical properties are analyzed by the different equipment such as density and viscosity is measured by density meter and viscometer respectively. In the process of CO2 absorption, the molar flux of CO2 from the gas stream to the absorbents can be expressed as: (1) In addition, =+ (2) is the gaseous molar flux of CO2. KG is the overall mass transfer coefficient, PCO2 and PCO2* are partial pressure of CO2 in the gas stream and at equilibrium in the liquid respectively. kG and kG’ are gas and liquid mass transfer coefficient respectively. kG is a function of both the physical diffusion of the reactants in the liquid and the effect of the chemical reaction. In addition, the flux can be calculated if the contact area between the gas and the liquid as well as the amount of CO2 absorbed per unit of time is known. The flux can be calculated from equation (3): (3) PCO2,in and PCO2,out are the partial pressure of CO2 in the inlet and outlet of the chambers which can be measured, P is the pressure in the chamber which can be measured by a pressure transducer, Qg is the flow rate of gas at the entrance of the chamber (m3/sec), including the water and solvent in the gas phase. The flow rates of water and solvent in the chamber are calculated with the thermodynamic model. Vm is the molar volume at the experimental conditions (mol/m3) and A is the contact area between the gas and the liquid. Therefore, by measuring the absorption flux at different partial pressures of CO2 and by using equation (1), it is possible to determine the overall mass transfer coefficient KG by plotting the flux as a function of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the chamber. After this part of experiment, we are able to screen some promising mixed solvents and carry out subsequent experiment with them. Work plan 2: evaluate CO2 loading capacity of different mixed solvents (years 3-4) In this section, graduate students need to measure CO2 loading capacity of the left mixed solvent with vapor-liquid equilibrium system. The vapor–liquid equilibrium system includes a CO2 supplier, a reactor, a measuring device that indicates temperature and pressure, and a computer that records CO2 pressure immediately. The reactor is batch reactor with a magnetic stirrer at the bottom to increase the gas–liquid contact area. Equilibrium partial pressure of CO2 in the reactor can be expressed as follows: P*CO2=P*-P0 (4) P* is the equilibrium pressure at the absorption equilibrium and P0 is the initial pressure. The mole of the CO2 entered can be calculated by the ideal gas law as follows: nSCO2= (5) PSi is the initial pressure of supplier. PSt is the pressure of supplier after injection of CO2. VS is the volume of supplier, TS is the temperature of supplier and R is gas constant. The mole of gaseous CO2 in the reactor at equilibrium can also be determined by the ideal gas law. nRCO2= (6) In the above equation, PRi is the initial pressure of reactor. PRt is the pressure of reactor after equilibrium VR, TR are volume of reactor and temperature of reactor, respectively. Eventually, the total amount of absorbed CO2 can be determined by Eq (7). nabsorbedCO2=nSCO2-nRCO2 (7) The loading capacity can be expressed by molar solubility which is the mole of the CO2 absorbed divided by the mole of absorbent: NCO2loading= (8) By comparing CO2 loading capacity, we are able to get rid of some mixed solvents with poor CO2 loading capacity. Then, left mixed solvents are selected for further research. The concentration of mixed solvents is also very important. In order to get the specific concentration at which mixed solvent can work best, wetted wall column experiments and vapor-liquid equilibrium experiments are required to conduct repetitively. Work plan 3: Simulation of process (years 4-5) In case, we can obtain suitable mixed solvents from above sections and according to the kinetics study in work plan 1, graduate students will be assigned to simulate the process of CO2 capture pilot plant using chemical absorption method. The simulation is manipulated with Aspen plus Software. The objectives of this work are as follows: Firstly, by carrying out the simulation, we can collect the data of CO2 removal efficiency. Besides, the simulation can help to determine the energy consumption in the CO2 capture pilot plant. Based on these data, we can screen the mixed solvents which can reduce the processing cost. Moreover, the simulation of the process is also an efficient way to evaluate a capture process and to optimize the process in order to reduce the heat, water and electricity consumption. At last, when further research is done such as test the solvent performance in a pilot plant, we can compare the data collected from the pilot plants with simulation data to perform the v erification. 4 Anticipated significance of the work After devoting over five years to this project, we hope to find a better absorbent by developing mixed solvent in CO2 capture technology. This outcome will not only increase the efficiency of the chemical absorption CO2 capture technology but also reduce the energy consumption of this technology. Since the chemical absorption technology is widely used for CO2 capture, the discovery of an innovative solvent will definitely make this technology more competitive. 5 Training for graduate students and researchers This project will develop graduate students’ skills of carrying out wetted water column and vapor-liquid equilibrium experiments as well as the ability to calculate mass transfer rate and CO2 loading capacity. In addition, graduate students will also obtain the skills of processing and analyzing data. This project also requires students have skills of using software related to chemical engineering such as Aspen plus. The working experience on the project will provide students ability of performing multi-task, creativity, critical thinking ability, detail-oriented characteristic. The ability will be significantly helpful for their future career and will make them competitive among peers. Reference [1] Jinzhao Liu. Study on mass transfer and kinetics of CO2 absorption into aqueous ammonia and piperazine blended solutions [J].Chemical Engineering Science, 2012, 75: 298-308. [2] Hendy Thee, Yohanes A. Suryaputradinata, Kathryn A. A kinetic and process modeling study of CO2 capture with MEA-promoted potassium carbonate solutions [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2012, 210: 271-279. [3] Victor Darde. CO2 capture using aqueous ammonia: kinetic study and process simulation [J]. ScienceDirect, 2011,4: 1443-1450. [4] Dey A, Aroonwilas A. CO2 absorption into MEA-AMP blend: mass transfer and absorber height index. Energy Procedia 2009. [5] Mondal MK. Solubility of carbon dioxide in an aqueous blend of diethanolamine and piperazine. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data 2009;54: 2381e5. [6] Lepaumier H, Martin S, Picq D, Delfort B, Carrette PL. New amines for CO2 capture III, effect of alkyl chain length between amine functions on polyamines degradation. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research 2010; 49:4553e60. [7] Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). Post-combustion CO2 capture technology [8] Yaser Khojasteh Salkuyeh. Reduction of CO2 capture plant energy requirement by selecting a suitable solvent and analyzing the operating parameters [J]. Energy Research, 2012, 37: 973-981.

Finding One’s Authentic Identity Essay -- Psychology

Deep inside all of us, we know there is someone who we were born as, grow up as, and will die as. We can feel when we are being true to ourselves, and conversely we can feel when we are pretending to be something other than our individual selves. However, many people spend a lifetime searching to find exactly who this person is, and how to be this person all the time. However, it is difficult to determine how much of our identity is a non-changeable permanent part of ourselves, and how much has been cast over us like a cloak via external influences including culture, religion, disabilities, family, friends, pop culture, and the media. These perceptions, assumptions, and roles inevitably affect how we develop as people, and often cloud our authentic identities. Unfortunately, many people look to others to define themselves. This often results in being placed in roles we cannot excel in (Kubler-Ross & Kessler). These days, when surgery can alter everything from gender and body shape to face image and height, we feel as if we can change our inner identity. Books and self-help workshops have become very popular as people embark on lifelong journeys of personal growth. People are no longer comfortable to stay within fixed roles as perhaps our parents and grandparents once did, suggesting that we now have a greater choice over our identities than before. In Philippine culture, the family is the basic unit of society. Personally, my culture has greatly shaped my personal identity because I am a small part of something much greater than myself. In a traditional Filipino family, the father is considered the head of the family and is â€Å"viewed as the provider of the family† (Enriquez). On the other hand, the mother is responsible for domes... ...Disabled People: Issues for Discussion." World Rehabilitation Fund. (1980): n. page. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. . 4. Funk, Robert. Disability rights: from caste to class in the context of civil rights. New York: Praeger, 1987. 7-30. Web. 5. Kitchen, Rob. 'Out of Place', 'Knowing One's Place': Space, power and the exclusion of disabled people. 3. 13. 1998. 343-356. Web. 6. Kubler-Ross, Elisabeth, and David Kessler. Life Lessons. New York: Scribner, 2003. Print. 7. Saroca, Cleonicki. "Filipino Women, Migration, and Violence in Australia: Lived Reality and Media Image." Kasarinlan: Philippine Journal of Third World Studies. 21.1 (2006): n. page. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. .