Progressive Education Essay Example

Dynamic Education Paper As indicated by Gribble (1985) in dynamic schools, there is this feeling of social fairness among grown-ups and youngsters which is one of the dynamic beliefs. Where the staffs are brutal, students could likewise utilize a similar technique as a guard component. Gribble further opined that similarly as machines are utilized by individuals so educators ought to be utilized by youngsters as well and not kids being coordinated by instructors. In accordance with dynamic training, childrens learning ought to be intentional, not attached to a specific educational program for the most part depended on them with arrangement of assessments and tests/evaluations. The instructors moral obligation is to support the kids, directing them to investigate their abilities and premiums. It is in any case, essential to abstain from ingraining unreasonable convictions that kids probably won't comprehend. The kid must figure out how to create independency. Anything that has the tone of good impulse is contrary to the standards of dynamic training, which uniqueness lays solidly on the refusal to force a specific arrangement of qualities not just the ones contained in the educational program (Gribble 1985). The way of thinking of dynamic schools has no space for any directed belief. Kids in dynamic schools are permitted to settle on a decision and to communicate their sentiments openly. The degree to which this is drilled relies upon each school since youngsters are assisted with considering figuring out how to be something they ought to appreciate. Dynamic schools dishearten seriousness (Gribble 1985). Since kids settle on their own decisions and work at their own pace and not as indicated by the direct of anybody, it implies that the individual understudy doesn't have to contend with anybody. This assists with loosening up the learning condition making it helpful for learning. We will compose a custom exposition test on Progressive Education explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Progressive Education explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Progressive Education explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer A youngster neither estimates his/her own accomplishment with some other childs nor does the OFSTED that would ordinarily pressurize a state or government funded school present. There is typically no need for dynamic school specialists to squeeze the educators who thus give the strain to the youngsters through arrangement of tests/evaluations so as to be on the presentation class table. There is normally no discipline in dynamic schools and no tendency to any strict authoritative opinion or group. Notwithstanding, regardless of how in a perfect world dynamic instruction is depicted as panacea for customary or ordinary type of training as acquires out in the open, autonomous and state schools, clearly some of them are not really and totally dynamic. There have been changes in the use of the first way of thinking as propounded by pioneers of dynamic instructive strategies a portion of whose commitments are referenced and talked about straightaway. Dynamic masterminds There are some well known scholars on youth whose work are so fundamental throughout the entire existence of youngster focused instruction. A portion of these scholars in the early years didn't completely call their work dynamic training, yet what they did was reactant to the detailing of group of information that is called dynamic instruction today to which a ton of affirmation is owed. This article will quickly discuss their thoughts, standards and ethos. One of these early authors was Jean Jacques Rousseau whose works and dynamic tilt achieved a crucial change in the instruction of youngsters. As indicated by Darling J. ( ) in Rousseaus book Emile (1762), it is focused on that man ought not upset kid development however leave it the manner in which nature has accommodated it. Kid focused training came as an option because of disappointment about the conventional instruction of that time. This dismissal assisted with molding out current dynamic instruction thought. In Emile, Rousseau attests that the dynamic thought took its root against the foundation of commitment and kid degeneracy appended to youngsters in those days where severe control and good preparing for kids was the standard. Rousseau dismissed this thought and accepted that youngsters are acceptable; that the wickedness found in kids is from a degenerate society. His thoughts were that kids ought not be prepared so as to subdue their normal inclination. At the point when compared to present day dynamic instruction ideas it means not forcing a specific learning style on kids yet rather permitting them to find things without anyone else Young childrens instructive projects ought to in Rousseaus see be restricted to those things in which they have characteristic premium (Darling1994: 8 ). Rousseau advanced the way that youngsters gained from direct understanding and opined that feeling is continually realizing, which can be comprehended to mean-gaining from condition and not from a book. Rosseau is of the assessment that kids ought not be instructed how to peruse until they are prepared. He envisioned that they would comprehend by gaining from the earth and from feeling things around them. Notwithstanding that he was of the conviction that there must be little data from a book. This is resounded by Calydon [ed] (1969:50) when it is said that Experience goes before guidance. Anyway Rousseau didn't explain when gaining from a book should set in yet youngsters ought to likewise look for data from books. This conclusion is genuine on the grounds that seeing educators for example, they needed to gain from books and not just rely upon understanding. In present day dynamic training understudies gain generally for a fact just as from books. Rousseau additionally supported agreeable connection between a kid and the instructor and that the youngster ought to gain from their activities. As examined before dynamic instruction doesn't see the educator in power like the instructor is found in government funded schools; dynamic training is in this way all the more a youngster focused way to deal with educating. As indicated by Darling ( ) Rosseau isolated adolescence into phases of human development and improvement. He battled that various phases of development require explicit methods. Thusly in dynamic instruction students are given individual consideration in light of the fact that every youngster has their own needs and characteristics relying upon their stages. Friedrich Froebel who set up the main kindergarten at Keilhau, Germany in 1837 contributed colossally to the dynamic thought of training. He accepted that everybody has an otherworldly worth. Like Rosseau, he accepted that each youngster had inside themselves what they were to be during childbirth. He likewise accepted that the fitting instructive condition would urge the kid to accomplish ideal turn of events.

The Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching Essay

The Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching - Essay Example The objective language is the fundamental language in the homeroom, and everybody learns it better by talking it. Perusing and writing in the objective language follows once a lexical and syntactic establishment has been built up. That implies, the student is adjusted when he commits errors in spelling, jargon use, and so forth. The instructing of the unknown dialect is from easy to progressively complex structures. After learning this, some might be interested concerning the Oral Approach is respected by understudies in the event that they have just been presented to other instructing approaches. Would this methodology conflict with different strategies understudies have just been acquainted with or would it supplement them? What about understudies with language debilitations? Would the Oral Approach have the option to support them or demoralize them from communicating in an unknown dialect? The Situational Language Teaching approach is a language instructing approach that enables t he student to comprehend the unknown dialect better by grouping exercises dependent on specific circumstances. Pittman (1963) explains the word ‘situational’ as recognizable solid materials, pictures and relia which are utilized along with activities and signals so as to exhibit the implications of new dialect words and expressions. On the off chance that conceivable, these are utilized to show a thing or two on a specific circumstance. This facilitates the student, realizing that what he is realizing is tied in with something recognizable to him and can concentrate on the topic of the exercise. For instance, less difficult exercises educate about jargon on family will have pictures of relatives. In any learning circumstance, it helps if the new information is connected with past information. The Situational Language Teaching approach benefits from the learner’s own unique circumstance. In the article, a model was given on utilizing real items to assist understud ies with learning outside words without fundamentally recognizing the item in the home language. This is successful since the items are recognizable to the understudies. The equivalent might be genuine when the educator shows them a melody about something they can identify with in their own unique situation. It is successful to utilize visual guides for the melody so it turns out to be effectively justifiable to the students particularly if the tune portrays a story. The photos in the story might be introduced while parts of the tune identified with the image are sung. The hypothesis basic these methodologies inclines toward the behaviorist point of view. Palmer (1957) sums up the way toward learning a language as accepting the information or materials (boost), holding it by rehashing it both intellectually and verbally, and utilizing it by and by until it turns into an aptitude which later on turns out to be natural to the person. The issue currently desires individuals who might h ave lacks in the abilities of memory and reiteration. Does that mean they will be not able to get familiar with another dialect because of their confinements? In the event that these language encouraging methodologies are powerful in the homeroom, how might it mean outside the study hall? It would be okay if the understudies live in the nation where the objective language is spoken since there would be a few people whom they can rehearse their new aptitudes with. On the off chance that they live in their nation of origin, notwithstanding, where the objective language is compelled inside the study hall, at that point there would be no others to rehearse with and comprehend what they are stating particularly in the home if

Cornell University News

Cornell University News August 19, 2012 Cornell University is addressing a problem that has plagued the school for many years (photo credit: Eustress). Weve got some Cornell University news to report. As many of you know, Cornell has developed a reputation over the years for its student suicides. In fact, according to The Ithaca Journal, between 1990 and 2010, 27 people have committed suicide by jumping over the bridges of the gorges on the Ithaca campus. It should be noted that this figure of 27 only includes suicides by jumping off the bridges over the gorges. It does not include other suicide statistics of Cornell University students. Many people have asked us over the years if depressed students are attracted to Cornell University or if the university does something to students while theyre there that leads them to suicide. We honestly dont know. We do know that students at Cornell are more competitive about their academics than are students at other Ivy League institutions such as Brown or Dartmouth. At Brown and Dartmouth, students tend to be much more relaxed. Is it that relaxed, non-competitive students are attracted to universities like Brown or Dartmouth? Or do the Brown and Dartmouth communities foster an environment that discourages competitiveness and encourages a more positive, were all in it together approach? We dont know the answer. We suspect its a little bit of a combination of both theories. So whats the news? The news is that Cornell University is installing nets over the gorges. Theyve already previously installed fences at the sites of student suicides, but theyre hoping that nets do the trick. Theyve installed these nets at several bridges over gorges. Hopefully this will decrease tragic student suicides at the university. Cornell University insists that their suicide figures are no different than other universities. Were not so sure about that. But we do hope very much that this move can turn things around.

Using Digital Photography - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1060 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/23 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Advantages And Disadvantages Essay Film Analysis Essay Did you like this example? Advantages of Using Digital Photography Although this is the age of digital photography , one can still purchase cameras that use film. The key question is to ask why it is advantageous to use digital photography. What are the advantages of digital photography over the ordinary film camera? You will still many people that prefer using film not because they don’t know any better but because they just haven’t taken the time to weigh the advantages or are unfamiliar with modern technology much as the person who is afraid of computers. Anything new and different is scary for some people but to make things easier for those people it is important to look at the advantages of one over the other. Before the era of digital photography many people lost beautiful pictures because they failed to take the film to be developed or lost the film until it was too old to guarantee quality processing. Keep in mind that film is only good for a limited period of time so if you mi splace the used film or don’t take it for processing within a specific time, you will lose some of the quality of the photographs. With digital photography there is never a concern about the film expiring because there is no film. There is no need to worry about processing the photographs in a certain period because you can take the memory card at any time to get printed pictures or you can download the memory card to your computer and print your own photographs at any time you so desire. Another advantage of digital photography is being able to see the photograph before you print it. Many times with film cameras the lighting was not right or we failed to focus correctly and the picture was blurry or otherwise distorted. With digital photography you can see the picture right then and if it is not perfect, you can delete that pose and begin again. This avoids the disappointment of losing a perfectly good pose because of focusing or exposure errors. You also do not have t o take additional shots just to make sure one of them comes out the way you are hoping. Digital photography has made picture taking for both amateurs and professionals easier. Even professional photographs can be delivered quicker because of digital photography and allow the customer to view and choose the pictures almost immediately instead of having to wait days for proofs and then another week or two for the pictures themselves. Kodak name The logo from 1987 to 2006. [5] The letter K had been a favorite of Eastmans, he is quoted as saying, it seems a strong, incisive sort of letter. He and his mother devised the name Kodak with an anagram set. He said that there were three principal concepts he used in creating the name: it should be short, one cannot mispronounce it, and it could not resemble anything or be associated with anything but Kodak. It has also been suggested that Kodak originated from the suggestion of David Houston, a fellow photographic inventor who held the p atents to several roll film camera concepts that he later sold to Eastman. Houston, who started receiving patents in 1881, was said to have chosen Nodak as a nickname of his home state, North Dakota (NoDak). 6] This is contested by other historians, however, who cite that Kodak was trademarked prior to Eastman buying Houstons patents. [7] Environmental record Kodak has been widely criticized by environmentalists and researchers as one of the worst corporate polluters in the United States. According to scorecard. org, a web site that collects information on corporate pollution, Kodak is New York State’s number one polluter, releasing 4,433,749 pounds of chemicals into the air and water supply. 28] The Political Economy Research Institute of the University of Massachusetts, author of the Toxic 100, ranked Kodak the fifth largest polluter in the United States in 2002. [29] In 2004, the Citizens Environmental Coalitions (CEC) of New York awarded Kodak one of its Dirty Dozen award s to highlight its consistently high rates of pollution. [30] However, in 2005, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) selected Kodak to receive the EnergyStar Sustained Excellence Award for outstanding and continued leadership in reducing greenhouse gas emissions through superior energy management. [citation needed] As an example of the companys environmental stewardship efforts, Kodak has hosted a pair of Peregrine falcons since 1998. An endangered species in New York State, Peregrines were de-listed from the federal Endangered Species list in 1999, but are still considered threatened. The female falcon, Mariah, and her mates Cabot-Sirocco (1998–2001) and Kaver (2002-present) have raised 35 young from a man-made nest box placed at the top of the companys world headquarters building in Rochester, New York. From 1998–2006 the Kodak Birdcam website transmitted images from the nest box. In 2007 Kodak ceded primary responsibility for hosting the website to the Genesee Valley Audubon Society under the new name Rochester Falconcam. [31] Kodak details its annual progress in Global Sustainability, as well as Health, Safety, and Environment, in a Global Sustainability report. [ HOW TO APPLY A MAKE-UP Step 1: Foundation After cleansing, toning and moisturizing your face, apply a small amount of foundation to the tip of your index finger. Dot on your forehead, nose, cheeks and chin; then blend in an upward and outward motion without leaving a line. Be sure to apply foundation over your eyelids and blend carefully. Glance in the mirror to ensure theres no line. You can use a concealer to cover imperfections such as blemishes and dark spots. Step 2: Translucent Powder Using a powder brush apply translucent powder in a downward motion for a smooth finish. Translucent Powder helps eye makeup and blush to go on smoother and blend better. It also keeps your face looking fresh and your makeup will last longer. Step 3: Eye Makeup Starting at your la sh line, apply your base color first. Then apply your crease color in the crease area. Apply your highlight color in the highlight color area, below the brow bone. Step 4: Blush Your blush should be applied to the apples of your cheeks to radiate when you smile. It should go no closer to your nose, but directly beneath the iris of your eye. Step 5: Lipstick Then apply your lipstick. Start from the center working outwards. Things Youll Need: * Foundation * Mascara * Eye Shadow Brushes * Blush Brush * Face Powder * Blush * Waterproof Mascaras * Lipstick * Lip Gloss * Eye Shadow Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Using Digital Photography" essay for you Create order

Biased Media And The Presidential Election Essay - 1649 Words

Biased Media in the 2016 presidential election â€Å"The roots of media bias go back to the nineteenth century, and complaints about bias in part reflect a questionable idea about the media’s role and purpose: that newspapers and other dispensers of public information exist to transmit objective, factual information gleaned and communicated by credentialed professionals.† – Bruce Thornton Media bias had a big role in the 2016 presidential election. In this world of information, media had a big role transmiting the news and events to a very demanding audience. And the word â€Å"bias† was trending throughout the whole election. But, what is media bias? Media is bias when it fails to be fair and objective while reporting. With the idea of a biased media in the table, it is interesting to know how people chose their media intake, and what is their perception about it. Studies have shown a growing distrusts toward the â€Å"mainstream† media. Perhaps media bias was one of the most used accusation by the republican nominee. And indeed some experts argue that journalists and media directors have shown a tendency to the left. But studies have shown no significant partisan bias favoring the left. But it seems that the mere idea of media bias had a big role in the 2016 presidential elections. Media bias began in the 19th century and has been present in every information outlet since then. The Merriam-Webster dictionary, defines bias, as a tendency or inclination of temperament or outlook. So,Show MoreRelatedMedia And Its Impact On Politics1325 Words   |  6 Pagesupon thousands of media platforms exist, it’s not surprising that media is one of the strongest, if not the biggest, influences in our current presidential election. No matter where each of us turn, whether it be to a newspaper, social media, or our televisions, every single one of us has seen some sort of news report or article discussing presidential candid ates Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. However, every year, there seems to be this constant struggle when it comes to the media coverage, as itRead MoreMedia Bias Essay examples893 Words   |  4 PagesMedia Bias Is the Media Bias? Many people including myself believe that it is. On the other hand, there are people who believe that media is not biased and just states facts. These people (i.e. my dad), who believe that media is not biased also believe that everything on TV is true, in my experience. We see bias in media (print or broadcast) many times. It might be the subtlest of things that is unnoticeable to more blatant attempts. The fact is bias is everywhere and it is very difficultRead MoreMedia s Views On Media Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesThere are numerous media outlets that we are exposed to daily that are managed by individuals who hold resolute views regarding specific pressing political topics. They share their views with the general public. Media is made up of various dissimilar forms. These include social media, television, radio, and podcasts. As a result of these abundant media sources, many viewers are affected by what they are subjected to daily when exhibiting medi a. Thus, media in the United States is biased; News outletsRead MoreMedia s Views On Media Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesnumerous media outlets that we are exposed to daily that are managed by individuals who hold resolute views regarding specific pressing political topics. They share their views with the general public. Media is made up various dissimilar forms. These include social media, television, radio, and podcasts. As a result of these abundant media sources, many viewers are affected by what they are subjected to daily when exhibiting media. Thus, media in the United States is undoubtedly biased; News outletsRead MoreWho Holds The Most Influence Over The Election Process?1724 Words   |  7 Pagesthe most influence over the election process? This is a question citizens have long argued and will continue to argue as long as the American democratic system is in place. Most arguments tend to put blame on a single â€Å"actor† in the political process. Whether they n ame the parties, the candidates, the media, or rarely the public as the ultimate power holder, the tendency is again the idea to single out one participate as the sole authority over the American election process. We have discussed inRead MoreMedia Exploitation Of The Media1659 Words   |  7 PagesEssay Can the media exploit your perception of reality? While most people would like to say that they have a solid mind and aren’t easily deceived, the truth is that the media’s mass exploitation of the human mind is comes easier and more common than people think. Media exploitation is when people use the media to manipulate information to appeal to a specific audience, which in turn furthers their own agenda’s, whether it be political, social, or economical. While the media exploiting the publicRead MoreFake News And Its Effects On The Election Of The United States1017 Words   |  5 Pagesfake news has real and significant political consequences. The most obvious and relevant of these consequences is the election of the forty fifth president of the United States. â€Å"The poll lends weight to the suggestion that the US election result was influenced by a widespread belief in fake news among Trump supporters† (Hunt). Multiple stories were shared on many types of media platforms that were simply untrue about either Trump or Clinton. For example, one poll found that â€Å"73% of Trump votersRead MorePresident Franklin D. Roosevelt s Presidential Election1225 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of public radio (Walsh). In the 1952 presidential race, Dwight Eisenhower promoted his campaign by creating political advertisements on TV (Fowler, Franz, Ridout). Since then, not only have radio and TV advertisements been a defining aspect of presidential elections, but also, social media, a more modern avenue for politicians. This has become one of the most effective campaigning strategies in modern day elections. President Obama’s 2008 presidential race is one of the most significant examplesRead MorePresidential Election : Presidential Election s1306 Words   |  6 PagesThe 2016 presidential election may happen to be one of the most memorable elections to have ever been. From the campaign speeches, to the Democratic and Republican National conventions, and even the presidential debates; Americans seemed to constantly be voicing their opinions on every aspect of the election, and who they believe is the more suitable candidate for president, especially on social media. The 2016 presidential election marks one of the more recent elections where we start to see socialRead More Media Role in the Presidential Election Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing elections The Medias rules of an election change the face of the election itself. They are, if you may, the gatekeepers of information, in a time where the information we get will form the issues of the election. If the news tells us tomorrow that the stock market dropped 410 points today but did not tell us that the U.S. embassy in Iraq was bombed then what do you think we will care about the most. Each channel of media has its own biased. Fox news is leaning toward the right

Post-Operative Intestinal Obstruction-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a report on Post-Operative Intestinal Obstrucion. Answer: Introduction This report is based on the case study of a patient, who had been suffering from intestinal blockage after undergoing hemicolectomy due to colon cancer. In hemicolectomy the left side of the large intestine is surgically removed. This operation is mostly performed in case of colon cancers. In some cases the part of the colon is joined to the abdomen for the removal of the feces, known as stoma (Saklani et al., 2013). The report critically discusses about the problems of the patient, the pathogenesis of the problem, and the different diagnostic techniques for the investigation of the disease. The report also provides an idea of the probable medications that could be given to the concerned patient. It can be difficult to diagnose an intestinal obstruction. The report shows that successful management can detect signs and symptoms subtly at first, followed by a goal to help the patient before the condition deteriorates. Whatever is the treatment, nurse participation in treatment and postoperative care is important. Staying updated with new findings and methods is the best option. An ability to recognize the patients physiological, psychological, and safety needs along with a willingness to interact with the patient and other health care providers will yield good results. An active approach in explaining the procedures and consequences will lessen patient anxiety and improve the patients scope of resp onding to the treatment. Discussion Critical issue in the patient and the pathophysiology of the complication This report provides a case study of a patient having colon cancer, who have undergone a left hemicolectomy with the formation of the stoma. A stoma is usually made where the surgeon brings a part of the colon from inside the body of the patient, through the abdomen and then stitches it down. It is normally done to divert the flow of the feces (Black, 2012). It is been reported that after the patient had been discharged after the surgery, the patient developed certain post operative symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating and less output from the stoma. Normally post operative complications might include infection in the wound, anatomic leakage. Sometimes the bowel, may take more time to start functioning properly, which is known as ileus (Ten Broek et al., 2013). In such a case the patient may develop abdominal distensions, bloating. If the bowel doesnt start working properly then it can lead to a kink or an adhesion giving fries to blockage (Chapuis et al., 2013). In such a case the patient might develop abdominal cramps, bloating and abdominal distensions, just as we see in the report of the concerned patient. Ileus occurs due to the decreased motility of the gastrointestinal column (Vather, Trivedi Bissett, 2013). The definite pathogenesis of ileus is multifactorial, the clinical picture shows transiently lessened propulsion of the contents of the intestine. The interaction between the central and the autonomic nervous system function, and some local substances, may alter the equilibrium of the intestine, which results in the unorganized electrical activity and paralysis of some segments of the intestine. No coordination in the propulsiveness of the intestinal muscles leads to the accumulation of fluids and gas within the bowel and often causes intestinal cramps (Doorly Senagore, 2012). Medical management of the disease Investigations and diagnostic tests for the disease The case study of the patient shows that he has underwent for a CT due to the post operative complications. A systematic review has shown own that computed tomography with Gastrografin scanning can detect the post operative ileus with sensitivity. Multidetector CT scanning is also found to be an effective tool in the detection of the post operative ileus (Santillan, 2013). A plain radiograph of the abdomen shows ileus as dilatation of the colon. An abdominal X-ray can be done to detect the intestinal obstruction, although there are certain obstructions that cannot detect some abdominal obstructions. For some obstruction Air enema can be used, where the doctor will introduce air inside the colon through the rectum (Cameron Cameron, 2013). Treatment of the disease Pharmacological management of the disease In the case study the patient is found to be suffering from minimal stoma output. In some patients, the stoma output may be minimal. This is normally caused by the formation ileus after the operation, followed by stoma formation there are certain drugs can also decrease gut motility, such as the antimuscarinics and the opioids (Barletta, 2012). Stoma output can be increased by the application of Prokinetic drugs before meals, like metoclopramide, domperidone or erythromycin (Patil Anitescu, 2012). The doctor will recommend bowel rest for a period of time along with continuous application of the intravenous fluids. Sometimes a nasogastric tube is passed through the nose to the stomach to ensure enteral feeding. Glycerol suppositories should be inserted into the stoma opening (if the patient is suffering from constipation and feces can be seen on internal examination of the stoma). For the patients with stoma, medicine doses with quick dissolution tablets, gelatin capsules should be used. Antibiotics which have a broad spectrum like Amoxicullin, ciprofloxacin can be used to modify the gut microflora. Magnesium containing Antacids can be used. Calcium containing Antacids should not be used as this might lead to constipation. In this case study the patient is reported to have a high blood pressure, so medicines like anti diuretics can be used for treating hyper-tension. Antideuretics like Flurosemide, metolazone can be used. In order to keep the electrolytes balance in the body potassium supplements should also be given. An epidural is used to give relief from the pain. Non pharmacological treatment Non pharmacological treatment of the intestinal obstruction involves introduction of the fluids in the body. Fluid intake should be increased. Electrolytes can be given along with the fluids in order to maintain the electrolyte content of the body. After the operation the patient should be encouraged to move as soon as possible. They should avoid increased physical activities and the heavy lifting of substances. Nursing management of the disease Doctors diagnose diseases and prescribe medicines, treatments and surgeries, but its the nurses, that often explains the medical procedures, help to manage the symptoms, listen to the concerns, respond to the emergencies, allay with patient fear, soothe worries and chalk out ways to make things bearable (Andrews Morgan, 2012). The following are the interventions that a nurse should follow for the patients suffering from intestinal obstructions- The patient should not be allowed to eat anything by mouth. Insertion of the nasogastric tube for decompressing the bowel. Administration of the analgesics, antibiotics and other medicines as prescribed by the doctor. Signs for dehydration or electrolyte imbalance should be looked for Vital signs, intake and output, should be monitored to assess the renal function, blood volume and many such factors. The nurse should be well aware of the allergies and other adverse effects related to the patient. Patient should be kept in a semi-fowler position for promoting pulmonary ventilation Patient should be given a clear account about the disorder. Apart from all these it is the duty of a nurse to provide psychological care to the patient. A nurses mission is not only to save lives but to preserve and to promote the quality of life. A patient having such a critical issue is often faced by anxiety and fear. It is the duty of a nurse to cheer the patients up, reassure him, collect informations and offer explanations for the symptoms, and what to expect during the recovery period. One should be sure to involve the patients family in the plan of care when appropriate (Thompson Magnuson, 2012). A patient with hemicolostomy may experience issues regarding self esteem and have trouble with body shape. Supportive care, encouragement and a reference to the colostomy support group are important to provide suitable nursing care after the operation (Maung et al., 2012). Hospital stay is usually about 2- 5 days for a key hole surgery and about 5-7 days for an open surgery. If staples and external sutures are used then the hospital stay may take 10-14 days after the operation. Following hospital discharge patients are advised to remain mobile and should avoid doing any physical exercise and should avoid taking fibrous and spicy foods. A follow up report should be fixed after two weeks but a patient can see the concerned doctor at any time if problems persist (Jain Vargas 2012). Possible complications due to intestinal obstructions In the following report the patient is seen to be suffering from intestinal distension, intestinal cramping bloating and low output from the stoma. Among the different complications due to intestinal blockage, dehydration due to electrolyte imbalance had been focused in this topic. In some cases the stoma output of the patients are huge or the patient may suffer from severe diarrhea as a result the net fluid and the electrolytes, that are responsible for many biochemical activities of the body is lost. Severe dehydration can lead to failure of organs, shock and finally death (Schneider et al., 2013). In order to replace the fluids back to the normal amounts, intravenous fluids like St Marks solution and Dioralytes double strength solution can be used can be given and fluids containing electrolytes can be infused for getting the right amount of electrolytes in the body (Ouassi et al., 2012). Critical analysis of the articles used An extensive research has been performed through different databases like Google scholar, Pubmed, NCBI , Charles Darwin university library and more to find out the all the facts related to this critical issue. A thorough research has been done through the various research journals. The journal by Ouassi et al (2012) suggests that the definite pathogenesis of ileus is multifactorial, the clinical picture shows transiently lessened propulsion of the contents of the intestine. The interaction between the central and the autonomic nervous system function, and some local substances, may alter the equilibrium of the intestine, which results in the unorganized electrical activity and paralysis of some segments of the intestine which leads to bowel blockage. In the research by Doorly Senagore, (2012) it has been found that Postoperative ileus (POI) is an unavoidable outcome of most of the abdominal surgery. Although ileus is thought to be a disease of the small intestine, the duration of POI may be dependent on the return of colonic motility. Physicians should analyze the risk factors leading to the development of POI to help prevent this morbid and financial problem. POI is multifactorial in origin and the causative factors involve neuromuscular, inflammatory, and pharmacologic factors. The journal by Jain Vargas, (2012) discusses about challenges faced in the management of acute pseudo-obstruction in colon. In the journal by Maung et al (2012) management of the intestinal obstruction has been described. Water-soluble oral contrast medium (WSCM) is preferred for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patients undergoing nonoperative management. Hyaluronic acid, icodextrin and Carboxycellulose membrane decrease the incidence of adhesions. Icodextrin may decrease the risk of obstruction. In the journal of Andrew Morgan, (2012) one gets an idea about the Constipation management in palliative care. It also provides information about treatments and the potential of independent nursing. Conclusion The following report is based on the case study of a patient who has suffered hemicolectomy due to colon cancer and is now suffering from intestinal obstruction. It can be reviewed from the researches that the pathogenesis of post operative intestinal obstruction is multifactorial. Ileus occurs due to the decreased motility of the gastrointestinal column. The concerned patient is having minimal output of stool from the stoma. Thus, medications should be prescribed that would increase the mobility of the colon, he should be given fluids in order to restore the electrolytes in the body. The patient has been reported to have abdominal cramps, so medicines for that have also been prescribed. It can be difficult to diagnose an intestinal obstruction. The report shows that successful management can detect signs and symptoms subtly at first, followed by a goal to help the patient before the condition deteriorates. Whatever is the treatment, nurse participation in treatment and postoperative care is important. Staying updated with new findings and methods is the best option. An ability to recognize the patients physiological, psychological, and safety needs along with a willingness to interact with the patient and other health care providers will yield good results. An active approach in explaining the procedures and consequences will lessen patient anxiety and improve the patients scope of responding to the treatment. References Andrews, A., Morgan, G. (2012). Constipation management in palliative care: treatments and the potential of independent nurse prescribing.International journal of palliative nursing,18(1). Barletta, J. F. (2012). Clinical and economic burden of opioid use for postsurgical pain: focus on ventilatory impairment and ileus.Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy,32(9pt2). Black, P. (2012). Choosing the correct stoma appliance.Gastrointestinal Nursing,10(7). Cameron, J. L., Cameron, A. M. (2013).Current Surgical Therapy E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Chapuis, P. H., Bokey, L., Keshava, A., Rickard, M. J., Stewart, P., Young, C. J., Dent, O. F. (2013). Risk factors for prolonged ileus after resection of colorectal cancer: an observational study of 2400 consecutive patients.Annals of surgery,257(5), 909-915. Doorly, M. G., Senagore, A. J. (2012). Pathogenesis and clinical and economic consequences of postoperative ileus.Surgical Clinics of North America,92(2), 259-272. Jain, A., Vargas, H. D. (2012). Advances and challenges in the management of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ogilvie syndrome).Clinics in colon and rectal surgery,25(01), 037-045. Maung, A. A., Johnson, D. C., Piper, G. L., Barbosa, R. R., Rowell, S. E., Bokhari, F., ... Kerwin, A. J. (2012). Evaluation and management of small-bowel obstruction: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline.Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery,73(5), S362-S369. Ouassi, M., Gaujoux, S., Veyrie, N., Denve, E., Brigand, C., Castel, B., ... Nocca, D. (2012). Post-operative adhesions after digestive surgery: their incidence and prevention: review of the literature.Journal of visceral surgery,149(2), e104-e114. Patil, S. K., Anitescu, M. (2012). Opioid?Free Perioperative Analgesia for Hemicolectomy in a Patient With Opioid?Induced Delirium: A Case Report and Review of the Analgesic Efficacy of the Alpha?2 Agonist Agents.Pain Practice,12(8), 656-662. Saklani, A. P., Naguib, N., Shah, P. R., Mekhail, P., Winstanley, S., Masoud, A. G. (2013). Adhesive intestinal obstruction in laparoscopic vs open colorectal resection.Colorectal disease,15(1), 80-84. Santillan, C. S. (2013). Computed tomography of small bowel obstruction.Radiologic Clinics of North America,51(1), 17-27. Schneider, E. B., Hyder, O., Brooke, B. S., Efron, J., Cameron, J. L., Edil, B. H., ... Pawlik, T. M. (2012). Patient readmission and mortality after colorectal surgery for colon cancer: impact of length of stay relative to other clinical factors.Journal of the American College of Surgeons,214(4), 390-398. Ten Broek, R. P., Issa, Y., van Santbrink, E. J., Bouvy, N. D., Kruitwagen, R. F., Jeekel, J., ... van Goor, H. (2013). Burden of adhesions in abdominal and pelvic surgery: systematic review and met-analysis.Bmj,347, f5588. Thompson, M., Magnuson, B. (2012). Management of postoperative ileus.Orthopedics,35(3), 213-217. Vather, R., Trivedi, S., Bissett, I. (2013). Defining postoperative ileus: results of a systematic review and global survey.Journal of gastrointestinal surgery,17(5), 962-972

Social Institutions of the Family(Notes) Essay Example

Social Institutions of the Family(Notes) Essay The Social institution of the family There are various types of Caribbean family forms. The emergence of the different types was largely due to historical influences that shape Caribbean civilization. Caribbean society has grown into a cosmopolitan mixture of different races and ethnic groups that construct their reality in the Caribbean. This mixture has resulted in a unique social system; plural, polarized, politicised, problematic, but still some what plantation society. This has impacted the type of family units that emerged in the region. The roles expectations by Caribbean society of mother and father coupled with the different socialization of boys and girls have influenced the many structural ways in which families are built and maintained in the Caribbean. This also affects issues related to gender construction in the family. The ever increasing proportion of matrifocal and common law unions are products of history as well as other social trends that are both local and international in scope. Family forms in the Caribbean A family can be defined as a social unit of common residence involving two adults who are in a sexual relationship. Children of either of the adults, from both, or who have been adopted also form part of this family unit. The most popular family forms in the Caribbean are: †¢ The family based on common-law union (consensual cohabitation) †¢ The nuclear family †¢ The family based on a visiting union (extra-residential) †¢ The matrifocal family †¢ The extended family †¢ The East Indian family We will write a custom essay sample on Social Institutions of the Family(Notes) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Institutions of the Family(Notes) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Institutions of the Family(Notes) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Other family types are sibling families due largely to migration of parents, and grandparent-headed families. What are the reasons for the existence of the various family forms in the region? Some theorists such as Melville  Herskovits (1958) attribute the prevalence of certain types of Caribbean family forms to African society and some of the social institutions and social dynamics of those societies. The nuclear family The domestic unit of husband, wife, and child or children is regarded by many people in the Caribbean as the ideal family structure that comes into being ith the marriage of the partners. However where the nuclear family was established in the Caribbean, its existence as a small domestic unit did not always last very long, even among the middle and upper classes in these societies. The family based a common-law union The common law union is another type of domestic unit with the same basic relationships as those in the nuclear family, that is, adults are united in an ongoing bond but the bond is not based on the family as faithful concubinage (T. S Simey, 1946). To all intents and purposes the spouses are committed to each other sexually, they raise children in a stable relationship and the family functions as an economic unit. Because of the prevalence of this type of union and the existence of the relationship that it brings into being on the birth of children, several Caribbean governments have given legal recognition to these unions. Caribbean countries such as Jamaica, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago and Antigua have passed legislation that affords the children of such union legitimate status as heirs to family property. Common law unions have also been known to exist for many years without persons in the community being aware that the union has not been made legal with a wedding ceremony. The family based on a visiting union A frequent occurrence in the Caribbean is the domestic unit of a woman and her child or children. In this family form, the mother and her child or children live separately but may be visited from time to time by a man with whom she shares a relationship similar to that of a spouse. The man may or may not be the father of the child or children. Quite often such a visiting union begins with a young woman being impregnated while still living in the household of her mother or parents. RT. Smith (1956) in his work on low income black families in Guyana noted the following: â€Å"It does nor by any means follow that a man will be expected to marry the girl. He will certainly be expected to support the child if he is able, and he may continue his attachment to the girl and other children be born. † R. T. Smith (1956), The Negro Family in British Guiana p. 138. Smith further stated that the relationship may eventually lead to the establishment of a common-law union. The woman, in order to take care of herself and her children, may then start a sexual relationship with another man and thus may end up having several children with different men. Financial burden and emotional strain of raising children arising from such unions can be quite overwhelming. The Matrifocal family In Caribbean society, the matrifocal family is the term used to describe unit in which women are the focal point. You may also see this form of family referred to as the ‘female headed household’ in some literature. In this form of family adult males are absent from the family unit or if they are present their role in domestic routines is marginal. A woman is usually the head of the household or family unit. This type of family structure is so armed because power and authority tend to reside in the female head. However, there, are some domestic units in which females are responsible only for a day-to-day running of the affairs of the family. Males as lovers or brothers, or fathers of the children may be the ones who make the crucial decisions about major financial undertakings or schooling for the children. Thus, absence of a male head may not necessarily mean absence of male authority. The East Indian Family The East Indian family units which  are prevalent in Guyana and Trinidad  and Tobago are also the result of plantation society and the introduction of indentureship  at the end of the slavery period. These family units are horizontally extended  as the East Indians seek to maintain their sense of community and kinship bonds that are influenced by their religion. East Indians maintained, initially, most of their family traditions. Over time, some of these traditions have been creolized while some have changed alongside social changes being pursued in post-colonial Indian societies. Endogamy still persists as well as some forms of horizontal family forms. However, these are changing as the strong traditions of colonial India lose their grip on some Indo-Caribbean social institutions. The movement away from the extended family household by the younger generation of East Indians will also affect other Indian institutions over time. Why the diversity? Researchers have offered a wide range of arguments concerning diversity within the family in the Caribbean. Three viewpoints put forward: cultural retention, plantation system of slavery and socioeconomic factors and the culture of poverty Cultural retention and family diversity Melville Herskovits (1958) in The Myth of the Negro Past, was one of the first to trace the development of Caribbean families to the African origins of the slaves who to the Americas. Herskovits believed that despite attempts to strip African slaves of their cultural heritage, the practice of polygyny was retained from African culture. Where polygyny existed, the basic unit for affective bonding and closeness was the mother and child or children. The husband/ father were somewhat marginal in this unit. Herskovits maintained that this pattern has persisted Caribbean society and culture, especially among lower class people of African descent in the Caribbean. Plantation system of slavery M. G Smith (1962) wrote that under plantation slavery, stable families were not give a chance to develop. Unions of whatever sort were often broken up as slaves and were sold. The unit of mother and child or children was less likely to be torn apart than the man/wife/children unit. Male slaves were also denied property and family rights, and a system of female centeredness emerged and developed. Males therefore tended to be marginal to family units and this marginalization from family meant that slave children were property of white slave masters. Socio-economic factors and the culture of poverty The proponents of this approach including Oscar Lewis argue that poverty of low in come families of African origin in the Caribbean and the Americas prevents the males from making the financial contributions that they ought to and as a consequence the find it difficult to meet their family responsibilities as husbands and fathers. Overtime, matrifocality becomes an accepted pattern of family living and family relationships. It becomes a feature of the subculture of poverty. Lewis conducted his study in the urban areas of Puerto Rico and Mexico. He argued that the presence of matrifocality is transmitted from one generation to the next. Further, the urban environment encourages unstable family unions due to a number of socioeconomic factors such as unemployment and poverty. Males tend to desert the home because of inability to effectively carry out the bread winner role. The absence of regular employment that women are forced to enter successive relationships with a number of different males in order to subsist. Each male may father a child or two before deserting the woman and her family. Edith Clarke in her study ‘My Mother Who Fathered Me’ illustrates the combined effects of class and region/locality on family forms. Clarke’s comparative study of three towns in Jamaica suggests that families in affluent urban areas are more likely to be nuclear. Those in rural and urban slums are more prone to be visiting union, common-law or matrifocal. The primary reason noted is wealth and statusnstitutions of the

Our Town Essays (452 words) - Our Town, Emily Webb, Free Essays

Our Town Essays (452 words) - Our Town, Emily Webb, Free Essays Our Town Our Town, by Thornton Wilder is a play that takes place in a small fictional town of Grover's Corner, New Hampshire; beginning in 1901 and ending in 1913. The play takes the audience through the cycles of life, with the purpose of getting a universal message stating that life shouldn't be taken for granted. Emily Webb, one of the most important characters in the play, is Wilder's character in which he uses to show the audience a universal message that anyone would understand and relate to. Emily is a character that is normal enough so that the audience could relate to her; and yet be different in little ways that makes people love and adore her. For example, Emily went through the most common events in a woman's life: marriage, childbirth, and death in the play. These cycles makes her common, thus relatable to the audience. Without going through common events in life, the character would seem distant and likeable to the audience. Similarly, when Emily said that she expects a man to be perfect, it makes her special. Wilder put in that scene because he believed that even though there is a basic image of an average person, to be truly average, the character must have a difference to separate the character from the crowd. If the character doesn't have any differences, then the character would be faceless; impossible for the character to take a major role in the play. Emily is portrayed uniquely in her own way, and yet is still within the boundaries of everyone else. The character Emily plays a crucial scene in the play, the part where Emily went back to her twelfth birthday. At first, Emily wanted to go back and relive the happiest day of her life, but Mrs. Gibbs stopped her and told her to visit a normal day instead. Mrs. Gibbs knew what would happen to Emily if she had relived a joyful day in her life. If Emily had went back to a special occasion, she would've been overwhelmed by the all the beauty that she didn't pay attention to. Therefore, Emily went to relive her twelfth birthday, but wasn't as happy as she thought she would have been. Emily couldn't understand why her own mother wouldn't even spare the time to look at her on her birthday. She then concluded that the living is ignorant and doesn't appreciate the small things that are in their lives every day. The character Emily is perfect just the way she is. If Wilder changed Emily, the universal message might not be as effective as it is now. Meaning that the audience wouldn't like the idea given from a character that is unlike them.

American Temperance Society

* Formation of the American Temperance Society marked the beginning of the first formal national temperance movement in the US. * The Temperance Movement was an organized effort during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to limit or outlaw the consumption and production of alcoholic beverages in the United States. By the mid 1830s, more than 200,000 people belonged to this organization. The American Temperance Society published tracts and hired speakers to depict the negative effects of alcohol upon people. Lyman Beecher was a prominent theologian, educator and reformer in the years before the American Civil War. * Lyman Beecher was a prominent theologian, educator and reformer in the years before the American Civil War. Beecher was born in 1775, in New Haven, Connecticut. He graduated from Yale College in 1797 and was ordained in the Presbyterian Church in 1799. He became a minister in Long Island, New York. In 1810, he accepted a position as minister in Litchfield, Connecticut. He became well known for his fiery sermons against intemperance and slavery. In 1826, he resigned his position in Litchfield and accepted a new one in Boston, Massachusetts. By this point, his reputation had spread across the United States. The church in Boston had more money to pay a minister of his standing. It also had a much larger congregation. In 1830, Beecher’s church caught fire. A merchant who rented some rooms in the church stored whiskey in the basement. The whiskey somehow ignited. Beecher took this as a personal affront considering the sermons he delivered in the church’s sanctuary against the evils of liquor. Neal Dow, temperance reformer, born in Portland, Maine, 20 March 1804. He is of Quaker parentage, attended the Friends’ academy in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and was trained in mercantile and manufacturing pursuits. He was chief engineer of the Portland fire department in 1839, and in 1851 and again in 1854 was elected mayor of the City. He became the champion of the project for the prohibition of the liquor traffic, which was first advocated y James Appleton in his report to the Maine legislature in 1837, and in various speeches while a member of that body. * Through Mr. Dow’s efforts, while he was mayor, the Maine liquor law, prohibiting under severe penalties the sale of intoxicating beverages, was passed in 1851. After drafting the bill, which he called â€Å"A bill for the suppression of drinking houses and tippling shops,† he submitted it to the principal friends of temperance in the City, but they all objected to its radical character, as certain to insure its defeat. It provided for the search of places where it was suspected that liquors intended for sale were kept, for the seizure, condemnation, and confiscation of such liquors, if found; and for the punishment of the persons keeping them by fine and imprisonment. Maine Law of 1851, The law was forced into existence by the mayor of Portland, Neal S. Dow. Its passage prohibited the sale of alcohol except for medical or manufacturing purposes. By 1855, there were 12 states in the U. S who joined Maine in what became known as the â€Å"dry† states. And the states which allowed alcohol were dubbed â€Å"wet† states. – The act was very unpopular among many working class people and many immigrants. That is when opposition to the law turned deadly by June 2, 1855 in Portland, Maine. It was rumored that Neal S. Dow was keeping a vast supply of alcohol within the city while denying it to the citizens of Portland. He was then called the â€Å"Napoleon of Temperance,† and to others, an unadulterated hypocrite. The alcohol which was allowed into Portland was supposed to be used for medicinal and mechanical reasons were valued at about $1,600. It was distributed to doctors and pharmacists as authorized by the Maine law. – The Irish immigrant population of Portland, Maine was vocal critics of the Maine Law. They saw it as a thinly disguised attack on their culture based on stereotypes. The Irish community already distrusted Neal S. Dow. The Maine law that Dow sponsored had a mechanism whereby any three voters could apply for a search warrant based on suspicion of someone illegally selling liquor. † The Father of American Education†,† Horace Mann, was born in Franklin, Massachusetts, in 1796. Mann’s schooling consisted only of brief and erratic periods of eight to ten weeks a year. Mann educated himself by reading ponderous volumes from the Franklin Town Library. This self education, combined with the fruits of a brief period of study with an intinerant school master, was sufficient to gain him admission to the sophomore class of Brown University in 1816†³ (4, Cremin). He went on to study law at Litchfield Law School and finally received admission to the bar in 1823 (15, Filler). In the year 1827 Mann won a seat in the state legislature and in 1833 ran for State Senate and won. Horace Mann felt that a common school would be the â€Å"great equalizer. † Poverty would most assuredly disappear as a broadened popular intelligence tapped new treasures of natural and material wealth. He felt that through education crime would decline sharply as would a host of moral vices like violence and fraud. In sum, there was no end to the social good which might be derived from a common school -In 1848 Mann resigned as Secretary of Education and went on to the U. S. House of Representatives and then took the post of President of Antioch College in 1852. He stayed at the college until his death in August 27, 1859. Two months before that he had given his own valedictory in a final address to the graduating class; † I beseech you to treasure up in your hearts these my parting words: Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for Humanity† (27, Cremin). – Mann had won his victory as the public school soon stood as one of the characteristic features of American life – A â€Å"wellspring† of freedom and a â€Å"ladder of opportunity† for millions. William McGuffey, U. S. educator remembered chiefly for his series of elementary readers. McGuffey taught in the Ohio frontier schools and then at Miami University (1826 – 36). His elementary school series, starting with The Eclectic First Reader, was published between 1836 and 1857. Collections of didactic tales, aphorisms, and excerpts from great books, the readers reflect McGuffey’s view that the proper education of young people required their introduction to a wide variety of topics and practical matters. They became standard texts in nearly all states for the next 50 years and sold more than 125 million copies. In these years McGuffey also served as president of Cincinnati College (1836 – 39) and of Ohio University, Athens (1839 – 43). He was a founder of the common school system of Ohio. In 1845 he was elected to the chair of mental and moral philosophy at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, a position he held until his death. Noah Webster published his first dictionary of the English language in 1806, and in 1828 published the first edition of his An American Dictionary of the English Language. The work came out in 1828 in two volumes. It contained 12,000 words and from 30,000 to 40,000 definitions that had not appeared in any earlier dictionary. In 1840 the second edition, corrected and enlarged, came out, in two volumes. He completed the revision of an appendix a few days before his death, which occurred in New Haven on the 28th of May 1843. * Webster changed the spelling of many words in his dictionaries in an attempt to make them more phonetic. Many of the differences between American English and other English variants evident today originated this way. The modern convention of having only one acceptable and correct spelling for a word is due mostly to the efforts of Webster, in standardizing spelling. Prior to this, the popular sentiment toward spelling might have best been summed up by Benjamin Franklin who said that he â€Å"had no use for a man with but one spelling for a word. † * produced his own modern English translation of the Bible in 1833. Though an excellent and highly accurate translation, Webster’s Bible was not widely accepted, due to the continued popularity of the ancient King James version. It was, however, was the most significant English language translation of the scriptures to be done since the King James version of more than 200 years earlier. Mary Lyon, American educator, founder of Mt. Holyoke College, b. Buckland, Mass. She attended three academies in Massachusetts; later she taught at Ashfield, Mass. , Londonderry, N. H. , and Ipswich, Mass. Interested in promoting the higher education of women, she won the aid of several influential men and succeeded (1837) in establishing Mt.  Holyoke Female Seminary (later Mt. Holyoke College) at South Hadley, Mass. She served as principal for 12 years, directing the development of a well-rounded college program and emphasizing the principle of service to others. Emma Willard, Educator. Born Emma Hart on February 23, 1787, in Berlin, Connecticut. Emma Willard is remembered for her trailblazing efforts on behalf of women’s education. Raised by a father who, while a farmer, encouraged her to read and think for herself, she attended a local academy rom 1802 to 1804 and then began teaching. – In 1807 Emma Willard went to Middlebury, Vermont to head a female academy there. Two years later she married a local doctor named John Willard. She opened her own school, the Middlebury Female Seminary, in 1814 to provide advanced education that young women were denied by colleges. Her Address†¦ Proposing a Plan for Improving Female Education (1819) was a much admired and influential proposal to get public support for advanced education for young women. Emma Willard moved to Troy, New York, in 1821, where she opened the Troy Female Seminary. (It was renamed the Emma Willard School in 1895. ) With both boarding and day students, in some respects it was the first U. S. institution of serious learning for young women, though even it recognized that most of its graduates would be housewives, not professionals, and most of its students came from families of means. The school actually made a profit, and she also earned money from the textbooks she wrote. American Temperance Society * Formation of the American Temperance Society marked the beginning of the first formal national temperance movement in the US. * The Temperance Movement was an organized effort during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to limit or outlaw the consumption and production of alcoholic beverages in the United States. By the mid 1830s, more than 200,000 people belonged to this organization. The American Temperance Society published tracts and hired speakers to depict the negative effects of alcohol upon people. Lyman Beecher was a prominent theologian, educator and reformer in the years before the American Civil War. * Lyman Beecher was a prominent theologian, educator and reformer in the years before the American Civil War. Beecher was born in 1775, in New Haven, Connecticut. He graduated from Yale College in 1797 and was ordained in the Presbyterian Church in 1799. He became a minister in Long Island, New York. In 1810, he accepted a position as minister in Litchfield, Connecticut. He became well known for his fiery sermons against intemperance and slavery. In 1826, he resigned his position in Litchfield and accepted a new one in Boston, Massachusetts. By this point, his reputation had spread across the United States. The church in Boston had more money to pay a minister of his standing. It also had a much larger congregation. In 1830, Beecher’s church caught fire. A merchant who rented some rooms in the church stored whiskey in the basement. The whiskey somehow ignited. Beecher took this as a personal affront considering the sermons he delivered in the church’s sanctuary against the evils of liquor. Neal Dow, temperance reformer, born in Portland, Maine, 20 March 1804. He is of Quaker parentage, attended the Friends’ academy in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and was trained in mercantile and manufacturing pursuits. He was chief engineer of the Portland fire department in 1839, and in 1851 and again in 1854 was elected mayor of the City. He became the champion of the project for the prohibition of the liquor traffic, which was first advocated y James Appleton in his report to the Maine legislature in 1837, and in various speeches while a member of that body. * Through Mr. Dow’s efforts, while he was mayor, the Maine liquor law, prohibiting under severe penalties the sale of intoxicating beverages, was passed in 1851. After drafting the bill, which he called â€Å"A bill for the suppression of drinking houses and tippling shops,† he submitted it to the principal friends of temperance in the City, but they all objected to its radical character, as certain to insure its defeat. It provided for the search of places where it was suspected that liquors intended for sale were kept, for the seizure, condemnation, and confiscation of such liquors, if found; and for the punishment of the persons keeping them by fine and imprisonment. Maine Law of 1851, The law was forced into existence by the mayor of Portland, Neal S. Dow. Its passage prohibited the sale of alcohol except for medical or manufacturing purposes. By 1855, there were 12 states in the U. S who joined Maine in what became known as the â€Å"dry† states. And the states which allowed alcohol were dubbed â€Å"wet† states. – The act was very unpopular among many working class people and many immigrants. That is when opposition to the law turned deadly by June 2, 1855 in Portland, Maine. It was rumored that Neal S. Dow was keeping a vast supply of alcohol within the city while denying it to the citizens of Portland. He was then called the â€Å"Napoleon of Temperance,† and to others, an unadulterated hypocrite. The alcohol which was allowed into Portland was supposed to be used for medicinal and mechanical reasons were valued at about $1,600. It was distributed to doctors and pharmacists as authorized by the Maine law. – The Irish immigrant population of Portland, Maine was vocal critics of the Maine Law. They saw it as a thinly disguised attack on their culture based on stereotypes. The Irish community already distrusted Neal S. Dow. The Maine law that Dow sponsored had a mechanism whereby any three voters could apply for a search warrant based on suspicion of someone illegally selling liquor. † The Father of American Education†,† Horace Mann, was born in Franklin, Massachusetts, in 1796. Mann’s schooling consisted only of brief and erratic periods of eight to ten weeks a year. Mann educated himself by reading ponderous volumes from the Franklin Town Library. This self education, combined with the fruits of a brief period of study with an intinerant school master, was sufficient to gain him admission to the sophomore class of Brown University in 1816†³ (4, Cremin). He went on to study law at Litchfield Law School and finally received admission to the bar in 1823 (15, Filler). In the year 1827 Mann won a seat in the state legislature and in 1833 ran for State Senate and won. Horace Mann felt that a common school would be the â€Å"great equalizer. † Poverty would most assuredly disappear as a broadened popular intelligence tapped new treasures of natural and material wealth. He felt that through education crime would decline sharply as would a host of moral vices like violence and fraud. In sum, there was no end to the social good which might be derived from a common school -In 1848 Mann resigned as Secretary of Education and went on to the U. S. House of Representatives and then took the post of President of Antioch College in 1852. He stayed at the college until his death in August 27, 1859. Two months before that he had given his own valedictory in a final address to the graduating class; † I beseech you to treasure up in your hearts these my parting words: Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for Humanity† (27, Cremin). – Mann had won his victory as the public school soon stood as one of the characteristic features of American life – A â€Å"wellspring† of freedom and a â€Å"ladder of opportunity† for millions. William McGuffey, U. S. educator remembered chiefly for his series of elementary readers. McGuffey taught in the Ohio frontier schools and then at Miami University (1826 – 36). His elementary school series, starting with The Eclectic First Reader, was published between 1836 and 1857. Collections of didactic tales, aphorisms, and excerpts from great books, the readers reflect McGuffey’s view that the proper education of young people required their introduction to a wide variety of topics and practical matters. They became standard texts in nearly all states for the next 50 years and sold more than 125 million copies. In these years McGuffey also served as president of Cincinnati College (1836 – 39) and of Ohio University, Athens (1839 – 43). He was a founder of the common school system of Ohio. In 1845 he was elected to the chair of mental and moral philosophy at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, a position he held until his death. Noah Webster published his first dictionary of the English language in 1806, and in 1828 published the first edition of his An American Dictionary of the English Language. The work came out in 1828 in two volumes. It contained 12,000 words and from 30,000 to 40,000 definitions that had not appeared in any earlier dictionary. In 1840 the second edition, corrected and enlarged, came out, in two volumes. He completed the revision of an appendix a few days before his death, which occurred in New Haven on the 28th of May 1843. * Webster changed the spelling of many words in his dictionaries in an attempt to make them more phonetic. Many of the differences between American English and other English variants evident today originated this way. The modern convention of having only one acceptable and correct spelling for a word is due mostly to the efforts of Webster, in standardizing spelling. Prior to this, the popular sentiment toward spelling might have best been summed up by Benjamin Franklin who said that he â€Å"had no use for a man with but one spelling for a word. † * produced his own modern English translation of the Bible in 1833. Though an excellent and highly accurate translation, Webster’s Bible was not widely accepted, due to the continued popularity of the ancient King James version. It was, however, was the most significant English language translation of the scriptures to be done since the King James version of more than 200 years earlier. Mary Lyon, American educator, founder of Mt. Holyoke College, b. Buckland, Mass. She attended three academies in Massachusetts; later she taught at Ashfield, Mass. , Londonderry, N. H. , and Ipswich, Mass. Interested in promoting the higher education of women, she won the aid of several influential men and succeeded (1837) in establishing Mt.  Holyoke Female Seminary (later Mt. Holyoke College) at South Hadley, Mass. She served as principal for 12 years, directing the development of a well-rounded college program and emphasizing the principle of service to others. Emma Willard, Educator. Born Emma Hart on February 23, 1787, in Berlin, Connecticut. Emma Willard is remembered for her trailblazing efforts on behalf of women’s education. Raised by a father who, while a farmer, encouraged her to read and think for herself, she attended a local academy rom 1802 to 1804 and then began teaching. – In 1807 Emma Willard went to Middlebury, Vermont to head a female academy there. Two years later she married a local doctor named John Willard. She opened her own school, the Middlebury Female Seminary, in 1814 to provide advanced education that young women were denied by colleges. Her Address†¦ Proposing a Plan for Improving Female Education (1819) was a much admired and influential proposal to get public support for advanced education for young women. Emma Willard moved to Troy, New York, in 1821, where she opened the Troy Female Seminary. (It was renamed the Emma Willard School in 1895. ) With both boarding and day students, in some respects it was the first U. S. institution of serious learning for young women, though even it recognized that most of its graduates would be housewives, not professionals, and most of its students came from families of means. The school actually made a profit, and she also earned money from the textbooks she wrote.

Information Systems (Database Assignment) Essay

Information Systems (Database Assignment) - Essay Example Each book has a paper card which maintains the record of which member bought which book and when. When a member borrows a book, Mr. Russell marks the entry on the card and also writes this in his notebook. He then keeps the card with himself to remind him of the pending books. There is also another notebook which maintains information about the contact details of all the members of the library. Initially, when the number of members used to be less, the existing system ran smoothly and had no flaws. However, as the number of members and the daily transactions increase, there are a few serious problems that Mr. Russell is facing. They are described below: There are no proper records for the books in the shelves. Often members complain that they do not have the facility to search for a particular book, or at least know, whether it is available or has been issued. The situation wastes a lot of time and people have to wait a long time. It takes a while to find out which members have not returned their books back within the due date. Members need to be reminded to return their books on time and any members who continuously fail to return books on time, need to be penalized. With the current system, there is no means to find this out. In this project, we have analyzed a problem at a local library called Reader’s Inn which is currently running on manual system. It is difficult to search through manual records and many of the functionality needed such as report generation are not possible. Hence, we developed the design for a database system for the library which consisted of three normalized entities. Each of these entities had several attributes. These entities were programmed in Ms Access 2007, a common database package. Apart from the database tables, we also designed input screens for data and reports for output. With this database system, the existing problems will be solved to a great extent and the new

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Economics - Essay Example Indeed, the currency exchange rate policy must be geared towards leveling the global financial playing field. The prior Bretton Woods agreement and the current United Kingdom government’s policy determined the nation’s currency exchange rate. The variance in the United Kingdom currency in relation to another country’s foreign currency may translates to either a currency fluctuation gain or a loss. Romain Veyrune (2007) reiterated the fixed exchange rate system is defined as a pegged exchange rate. The exchange rate of the nation’s currency is matched to another nation’s currency. Likewise, the nation’s currency may also be matched with a precious metal like Gold. The main purpose of the unique monetary rating system is to make the nation’s currency stable, the British pound, in relation to another country’s pegged currency or precious metal. One of the major purposes of the fixed exchange rate system is to stabilise trading betw een the two nations. Many companies can make predicting the current and future sales, purchases, and other currency related transaction between country with the currency that is pegged against the other nation’s currency and the country whose currency is used as the basis for the nation’s currency. ... The electronic currency, e-gold, found in the internet website, www.e-gold.com, is an internationally accepted currency that is pegged or fixed on the value of gold at the time of each sale or purchase of goods or services. Here, the person’s receipt of 20 e-gold currency is pegged the average world market price of gold. As the gold value increases, the value of the 20 e gold currency amount increases; as the gold value decreases, the value of the 20 e gold currency amount decreases. Thus, the value of one e-gold may increase or decrease depending one world value of gold or the demand value of another nation’s currency. Fernando Goncalves (2008) opined the floating exchange rate system is grounded on the economic supply and demand of the nation’s currency in relation to the currency of another nation. Under this system, the currency exchange rate varies depending on the economic situation at the time of the exchange. Under the demand economic principle, the incre ase in the demand for one currency increases the value of such currency. On the other hand, Callum Henderson (2006) reiterated a decline in the demand for a certain currency generated a decline in the value of such currency. In layman’s terms, a Chinese having a strong need to use the American dollar to purchase American may be willing to â€Å"buy† or exchange RMB 10 for each American dollar. On the other hand, the American having a strong need to â€Å"buy† or get the Chinese currency, Yuan, can be willing to exchange one American dollar for only RMB 7 for each American dollar. The British pound is based on the fluctuating or supply and demand economic pricing policy in

Technology and Its Impact on Work-Related Stress Essay -- Technologica

Technology and Its Impact on Work-Related Stress Trends in organizational behavior have an impact on employees. Many factors in our daily lives can cause stress, but how does technology play a role in impacting stress? Does technology affect us positively or negatively? Is there anything unethical about technology and the way it is utilized in the workplace? This paper will reveal both the positive and negative impacts of technology on work-related stress and discover some influential ethical issues as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organizations utilize various types of technology, from cell phones to personal computers and numerous types of technical software. In the article, ?Workplace Depression Blamed on IT Stress?, David Williamson states, ?Technology designed to help people work efficiently is now forcing employees into a state of digital depression? (Williamson, 2003, pg.9). Technology has the ability to prevent a person from escaping reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the fire service, firefighters and staff personnel utilize cell phones, pagers, radios, and e-mail. As such, are rarely unavailable and it is not uncommon to be interrupted during one?s day off or vacation. While this inability to ?escape? may cause stress, these same types of technology can assist in relieving stress. For those who travel, cell phones can provide a feeling of safety since help can be a phone call away when the car breaks down. For working parents, there is often comfort in knowing the children and family will...

Genetic Diversity

Mutations are various forms of changes in ones DNA’s structure or makeup. This abnormality can happen for various reasons such as chemical misuse, harmful viruses or environment factors. When a mutation occurs in ones genetic structure, there is often a push to find out what went wrong and if it was a onetime occurrence or a genetic abnormality that no one in the family knew about until the recent discovery. This genetic abnormality occurs when there is a dominant gene which comes from a parent.This dominant gene attaches itself to a recessive gene and sparks a change in the genetic sequence of the offspring. This is most relevant as I was observing my nephew last weekend. My brother is â€Å"dark skinned†, tall and slim. My sister-in law is of French decent and full bodied while looking at my nephew, I ascertained that he is heading towards his mother’s side of the family he has the â€Å"fair skin, â€Å"finer grain of hair†, and the full body of his mo ther, thus his physical appearance is a mixture of both his mother’s and father’s genes along with a mutation of their DNA.Sexual Reproduction ensures life will continue no matter what happens. As genes are exchanged between two potential parents, the resulting offspring ends up with a combination of genes from both parents which then in turn gives them their own genetic makeup. This can lead to an expansion in various parts of the world where there is a diverse genetic makeup of people. This is due to various factors such as economics, upward mobility and educational opportunities.When this occurs new communities develop, form and branch out spawning a growth in population and migration. As the various traits from one’s genetic makeup mixes with others of another makeup, this helps to further expand the world’s unique makeup among its various populations and cultures. As these factors come into play over and over again, this helps to ensure the possibili ty of cloning one’s self or someone else will never happen.This also ensures the population will continue to grow change and the diversity of it all helps to make the world we live in today all the more unique and complicated. As I reflect on my nephew’s own unique genetic makeup, I can’t help but wonder what his future will hold in regards to his own children, where he will migrate to and what he will contribute to leave his mark on the world. One can only hope that the traits and genes he has inherited from his mother and father will help him to reach his full potential.

The Prize The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power by...

Daniel Yergin is the chairman of Cambridge Energy Research Association and a highly respected individual in international politics, economics and power. Despite being a Pulitzer Prize Winner, he is also the recipient of the 1997 United State Energy Award for his achievement in power and the promotion of international understanding. He has written extensive accounts on the global changes towards political and economic destiny of the world since WWII. His book ‘The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power’ published in 1992, which depicted the turmoil in Russia’s move to a market economy became a hit such that it was made into an eight hour series and translated into twelve languages. Yergin is a member of the Board of the United States Energy Association, US Secretary of Energy’s Advisory Board and National Petroleum Council among others. He is a BA holder from Yale University and holds Ph.D. from Cambridge University among other honorary degrees. Introduction: General overview Oil over the course of humanity has been referred to as the lifeblood of the worlds economy. Though it might be called an overestimate, oil is arguably the most critical non-human economic resource that is crucial for the progress and growth of the economy. In his book, Yergin illustrates the economic, societal, political as well as the geostrategic importance of oil in the growth of the worlds economy. The book takes the reader through a path that retrieves the historical journey of oil fromShow MoreRelatedThe Prize : The Epic Quest For Oil, Money, And Power By Daniel Yergin Essay2163 Words   |  9 Pages Oil has often been referred to as any economy’s lifeblood. Although this is an overemphasis, oil has been the key, nonhuman resource of the economy throughout the largest part of the 20th century. In the book â€Å"The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, And Power† by Daniel Yergin, the author illustrates the political, societal, economic, and geo-strategic import ance of this product. Yergin is the IHS Vice Chairman, and as their website tells us, he is also a Pulitzer-Prize winning author andRead MoreThe Prize : The Epic Quest For Oil, Money, And Power Essay1942 Words   |  8 Pages Oil has repeatedly been referred to as any economy’s lifeblood. Whereas this is an overemphasis, oil has been the utmost key, nonhuman resource of economy throughout the largest part of the 20th century. In the book â€Å"The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, And Power† by Daniel Yergin, the author illustrates the political, societal, economic, and geo-strategic prominence of this product. The book was published by Simon and Schuster in 2011 in New York, and contains 928 pages, as its ISBN isRead MoreThe Epic Quest For Oil, Money, And Power2499 Words   |  10 Pageshalf of its oil supply, weakening its overall strategic position and adding greatly to an already burdensome trade deficit – a precarious position for a great power† (Yergin 14). So said Daniel Yergin in the prologue of his 1990 bestseller The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. Today, oil retains its importance in the hydrocarbon societies of developed and developing countries as a major engine of economic growth, but the story is not so simple. When Yergin wrote The Prize, the UnitedRead MoreThe Iraq War1487 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence world politics is primarily based on much power they have. 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Dubai versus the Development Literature IV Dubai in a Cornparatbe Corntext Saudi Arabia Qatar Brunei Conclusion Appendix Bibliography Introduction Dubai, a tiny, oil-exporting city-state located in the Persian Gulf, has recentlyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesdetermining beginnings and endings that accord with major shifts in political and socioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored, even expanded, their global political and economic preeminence only to see it eclipsed by the emergence of the Soviet and U.S. superpowers on their periphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict.